The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, in particular to a method for synthesizing 4-alkylresorcinol through a solvent-free system. The method comprises the following stepsthat (1) resorcinol, zinc chloride and alkyl acid are evenly mixed, heated and stirred for a reaction, after cooling, water is added to precipitate a solid, filtering, drying and recrystallization areconducted, and thus 4-acylresorcinol is obtained; (2) the 4-acylresorcinol is dissolved into trifluoroacetic acid, triethyl silicane is added dropwise, heating and stirring are conducted for a reaction, cooling and standing are conducted for layering, an organic layer is extracted and dried, filtration and concentration are conducted to obtain a crude product, recrystallization is conducted, andthe 4-alkylresorcinol is obtained. According to the method, a triethyl silicane / trifluoroacetic acid system is applied to synthesis of the 4-alkylresorcinol for the first time, the reaction conditionis gentler and easier to control, and a post-treatment method is simple; and the system does not contain a solvent, water materials generated during industrial amplification are also greatly reduced,and thus the whole process is more environment friendly.