The invention relates to a method and device for bandwidth dynamic allocation in an optical access network, and provides a global centralized type flexible bandwidth dynamic allocation method and device orienting the optical access network. The method and device overcome the defects that an existing TDM-PON dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism is poor in real-time performance and can only be limited in a single OLT. The device is formed by a control layer and a managed device, wherein the control layer comprises a communication agent module, a bandwidth resource analysis module and a tactical decision module. The method for the bandwidth dynamic allocation mechanism includes the steps of monitoring network flow circularly, and carrying out the bandwidth dynamic allocation mechanism if network busy hotspots exist. The bandwidth dynamic allocation mechanism comprises a bandwidth dynamic optimization mechanism and a bandwidth dynamic recovery mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the method and device have the advantages that a whole network combined dynamic bandwidth dispatching technological measure is adopted to carry out circular detection, and the method and device enable bandwidth resource management of the optical access network to be intelligentized, greatly improve bandwidth utilization rate, save operational cost of the optical access network and improve user experience of the optical access network.