The invention discloses a congestion control method based on equitable distribution of a
communication channel. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the
queue increase rate of an upstream neighbor node and the average
transmission delay of a data packet are estimated according to the acquired data of the upstream neighbor node; then, the
queue length of the upstream neighbor node is calculated according to the estimated
queue increase rate, the total queue length of the node and the upstream neighbor node is further calculated, and the
congestion detection is carried out in combination with the average
transmission delay of the data packet; if congestion occurs, the
network congestion degree (namely the congestion degree) is classified, the length of the congestion relief period is determined, and the node is equitably distributed with the
communication channel occupation time; finally, a congestion
relief algorithm is carried out according to the congestion degree so as to relieve or ease the congestion; if the congestion does not occur, no treatment is carried out. The use equity of the channel is improved, the collision and the
packet loss probability are effectively reduced, and the handling capacity is effectively increased.