The invention discloses a satellite network congestion control method based on bandwidth estimation. The method includes the steps of S1, building a network transmission link; S2, using a Hybla-BE congestion control algorithm to perform data communication; S3, by the TCP transmitting terminal of a ground station I, calculating the estimation value of bandwidth according to arrived ACK receiving frequency; S4, calculating expected bandwidth; S5, calculating the residual bandwidth of a communication network, the congestion window increasing factor rho current of an Hybla algorithm and the congestion window increasing factor rho new of the Hybla-BE algorithm; S6, adjusting the congestion window value according to the adjusted window increasing factor rho new; S7, adjusting the congestion window value, to be more specific, by the TCP transmitting terminal of the ground station I, predicting the bandwidth environment of the network by dynamically estimating bandwidth value, and scaling the window increasing factor according to residual bandwidth. By the method, the increasing of the congestion window value can be dynamically adapted to network bandwidth conditions.