The invention relates to an electric energy meter operation method based on multiple operating modes. According to the invention, at least a production operating mode and a delivery operating mode areset in advance for an electric energy meter, a production operating mode control word of the electric energy meter defaults to be allowance for entering the production operating mode, and the electric energy meter receives parameter setting for the electric energy meter after entering the production operating mode; a process of modifying the production operating mode control word is executed whenthe electric energy meter is requested to enter the production operating mode again, the production operating mode control word of the electric energy meter is set to be a forbidden state after the electric energy meter enters the delivery operating mode, the electric energy meter is forbidden from entering the production operating mode again, and the electric energy meter enters the delivery operating mode at the same time, so that the field operation safety of the electric energy meter is ensured, multiple times of data interaction and authentication between production software and the electric energy meter are avoided, the amount of data transmitted between the production software and the electric energy meter is reduced, and safety requirements of the field operation data are met. Meanwhile, the production complexity is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.