The invention discloses a geological prospecting method, which comprises the following steps: S1, exploring a geological structure and the thickness and property of each bottom layer, and determiningthe position of a drill hole and the depth of the drill hole; S2, erecting a drill rod through a convenient rod feeding mechanism, then connecting the drill rod with a connector through an automatic lifting mechanism, and rotating a motor box through a connector and performing drilling downwards to form a hole; and S3, when rod connecting is needed, fixing the top end of the drill rod rotated intothe ground into a rotary base, and then connecting two drill rods through the convenient rod feeding mechanism, an automatic lifting mechanism and a convenient connecting, detaching and positioning mechanism. According to the invention, the structure is scientific and reasonable, use is safe and convenient, a cleaning mechanism is arranged, and by pushing limiting plates, the limiting plates slide along sliding grooves; the distance between the two limiting plates is adjusted, the positioning pin is rotated, positioning pins penetrate through transverse plates to be attached to the top ends of portal frames, the positions of the transverse plates and the limiting plates are fixed, the drill rods are clamped and fixed, and then a movable baffle is fixed to one end of the base through a bolt.