The invention discloses a novel lift type blackboard capable of changing front and back positions and quickly wiping off dust, which consists of two blackboards, flexible racks, fixed supporting frames, one-way gear mechanisms, a front and back position changing device and a board wiper device, wherein the front sides of the left and the right of the blackboards are provided with the flexible racks, the two side faces of the left and the right of the blackboards are provided with common racks, the fixed supporting frames are provided with the one-way gear mechanisms, and gears and tensioning wheels are arranged between the supporting frames in a crossing manner. The novel blackboard is mainly used for being cooperated with the teaching activities of a teacher, front and back position changing and lift movement of the blackboards are realized, the function of quickly and automatically wiping off dust during lifting is realized, the time of wiping the whole blackboard is saved, the teaching efficiency of the teacher is improved, and chalk dust generated in the wiping process is distributed between the two blackboards without flying in a classroom, so that chronic damage of the chalk dust to the teacher and students is reduced, the teaching environment is improved, and the teaching quality is enhanced.