The invention discloses a braille reading and writing device based on a cold and heat signal. The device comprises a system controller, a display screen, a writing screen, a control screen, a cold and heat pen, a data collector, a data storage and a power interface, wherein a cold and heat display part is embedded in the display screen; a temperature measuring part is embedded in the writing screen; a control screen temperature measuring part and a control screen cold and heat display part are embedded in the control screen; the cold and heat display part, the control screen cold and heat display part, the data collector, the data storage and the power interface are respectively connected with the system controller; and the temperature measuring part and the control screen temperature measuring part are connected with the data collector. The cold and heat signal is introduced into the braille reading and writing field for the first time to substitute a convex and concave characteristic, so that the large-area plane touch type braille reading and writing device without a movement component is realized. The device is novel and unique in principle, high in reliability, low in cost and large in display area and writing area, is easy to popularize and does not have the movement component.