The invention discloses an image recognition method based on deep course learning, and belongs to the field of image recognition. The method comprises the following steps: constructing teacher and student networks based on a deep convolutional neural network; performing image classification training on the teacher network by using a training sample, and predicting the probability that the trainingsample belongs to each category; calculating the difference between the prediction of the teacher network and the labels to update the parameters; transmitting the prediction information to a studentnetwork; training the student network; guiding student network training according to the prediction information result of the teacher network; calculating a difference updating parameter between thestudent network prediction result and the label; completing student network classification training; and the trained student network realizes recognition and classification of the images. According tothe method, the process of human learning from easiness to difficulty is simulated, the training process is reasonable, the workload is greatly reduced, the network parameters are updated quickly, the influence of the samples is balanced by gradient differences generated by different samples, the prediction precision is higher, and the performance is more reliable and stable.