The invention discloses a hydraulic cylinder arrangement control mechanism for a shielding tunneling machine. The hydraulic cylinder arrangement control mechanism comprises a shield body, a partitionplate, hydraulic cylinders, a supporting frame and a push-and-pull device; the supporting frame is arranged inside the shield body and fixedly connected with the shield body, the partition plate is arranged in the shield body, multiple groove holes are formed in the supporting frame in the extension direction of the axis of the shield body, and formed in the supporting frame around the axis of theshield body, the hydraulic cylinders penetrate through the groove holes, one ends of the hydraulic cylinders are backed on the side face of the partition plate, and the other ends of the hydraulic cylinders are jacked on duct pieces through support boots; the hydraulic cylinders are arranged around the axis of the shield body, one end of the push-and-pull device is hinged to hydraulic cylinder bodies, the other end of the push-and-pull device is hinged to the supporting frame, and the push-and-pull device is used for rotating the hydraulic cylinders around the axis of the shield body for adjustment. By means of the hydraulic cylinder arrangement control mechanism for the shielding tunneling machine, when a shield propelling system tunnels a compound stratum, the positions of the hydrauliccylinders can be changed at the right time, layout optimization is achieved, and thus the shield tunneling efficiency is improved.