The invention provides an orthopedic traction device having a protection function. The orthopedic traction device comprises an exercise bed board, supporting legs, first supporting rods, first connecting rods, a rubber mat, slideable stretching and traction tube structures, adjustable telescopic pull ring structures, a drawable push plate structure, first fixed tubes, fixed rods, fixed tubes, a second supporting rod, inverted U-shaped rods, a bottom plate, a storage case and a storage box. According to the orthopedic traction device, the installing a second movable tube, a second fixed tube, asecond wing bolt, a telescopic rod and a hand-holding ring, adjustment of the length of the second fixed tube and the telescopic rod in the working process is facilitated, and meanwhile, the height of the hand-holding ring is adjusted to facilitate that a patient grasps the hand-holding ring and do a body balance exercises in the working process, and the protection function is added; and a firstmovable tube, a second connecting rod, a first U-shaped frame, a traction wheel and a traction rope are installed, thus being conducive to performing stretching and traction on both feet of the patient through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rings installed at two ends of the traction rope in the working process.