The invention relates to the technical field of electronic information and electronic information data operation, and particularly relates to transaction-based large-volume data read and write methods. According to the write method, data records are organized by virtue of data pages and then are subjected to batch processing, and simultaneously, a great deal of transactional write operation is converted into non-transactional write operation, so that the data volume of transactional read and write is reduced effectively; and by virtue of transaction characteristics of index files, the integrity and the transaction of data are ensured, and the efficient read-write of the mass data is achieved. According to the reading method, a data page index is established by a shared memory, and the quick positioning of the data records is realized by using a bisection method. In an occasion that the mass data need to be subjected to the transactional read-write, the transaction-based large-volume data read and write methods can be used for achieving the aims of reducing the IO (input / output) operation, improving the handing capacity and shortening the time delay.