The invention relates to a USB (universal serial bus) port reading and writing device of a 1-wire bus, which comprises a USB module and a 1-wire bus host, wherein the USB module comprises a single chip microcomputer with a USB cache, and a USB connector connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the USB connector is connected with a host computer; the host computer sends commands to the USB module, and the commands are converted into 1-wire bus commands by the USB module; and the 1-wire bus host comprises DIO (data input output) pins and a connector which is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and is used for simulating the 1-wire bus through the DIO pins, sending commands to a 1-wire bus slave device in different time sequences according to the 1-wire bus commands, reading the data returned by the 1-wire bus slave device according to the commands, temporarily storing the read data in the USB cache, and returning the data to the host computer through a USB. The invention also provides a USB port reading and writing method of the 1-wire bus. The invention is utilized to realize the reading and writing operation of the 1-wire bus device.