The invention discloses a method for constructing a theoretical three-dimensional structure model based on a wireframe model. The method comprises the following steps: S1, reasoning from a structure sequence to obtain a structure element and a semantic-level topological relation; S2, carrying out data preprocessing; S3, forming a work area boundary skeleton according to a model boundary line in combination with the attribute of the geological surface corresponding to the surface wireframe model; S4, determining the up-down sequence of the horizon surface according to the adjacency relation of the geological blocks; S5, according to the adjacency relation between the fault plane and the horizon plane, determining the fault plane sequence, and determining the sub-plane sequence of the horizon plane; and S6, assigning coordinates to the points on the fault surface, and updating coordinates of other points on the horizon surface to obtain a whole model framework. A wireframe model method is adopted, and construction cognition knowledge, including construction elements and a semantic-level topological relation, recognized by geological experts from a construction sequence is visualized in a visual and simplified mode, so that people can rapidly know the spatial distribution condition of the geological structure, a theoretical three-dimensional construction model can be rapidly formed, and the modeling speed is increased.