The invention discloses a walnut tree pruning device and method. The walnut tree pruning device comprises a shell and a tightening wheel mechanism, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the shell are of hollow structures, the tightening wheel mechanism is installed on the shell in a sliding mode, the lower end of the shell is connected with a steering structure used for adjusting the use angle of the shell, and rolling wheel assemblies are installed at the end corners of the shell. The tightening wheel mechanism can be arranged to push a connecting rod mechanism after making contact with a supporting rod or a rotating hook claw mechanism pulls the supporting rod, so that a shear mechanism can achieve feed shearing conveniently, different pruning devices and pruning methods can be used according to different branches, the stability of the walnut tree in the pruning process is improved, the functionality of the pruning tool is improved, the walnut tree pruning device is suitable for shearing operation of branches with different hardness, the angle of the device shell can be adjusted according to the height of the branches and the branch and trunk angles, the cutting position of the shear mechanism can be matched with the specific positions of the branches and trunks, accordingly, shearing operation can be rapidly carried out, the shearing efficiency can be improved, and meanwhile, various shearing requirements can be met.