The invention discloses a sugarcane reaping and squeezing machine. The sugarcane reaping and squeezing machine comprises a diesel power main engine, a main engine head box and a rear storage tank, wherein a left-right convex arm is arranged at the front end of the main engine head box, a sugarcane reaping device is arranged below the left-right convex arm, four cross beams are arranged below the main engine head box and the rear storage tank respectively, a sugarcane feeding roller, leave stripping rollers, leave smashing rollers, crushing rollers and squeezing rollers are arranged on the cross beams, a reaping and squeezing power allocation system is arranged in the main engine head box and composed of a hydraulic oil pump power machine, a hydraulic oil pump, an oil storage tank, an oil path block, a solenoid valve block and a hydraulic motor, the power of the hydraulic oil pump power machine drives the hydraulic oil pump, the hydraulic oil pump drives the hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor drives the sugarcane reaping device and the rollers to rotate for reaping and squeezing. The sugarcane reaping and squeezing machine has the advantages that power consumption is low, labor intensity is lowered, use is convenient, the sugarcane transporting process is omitted, economic benefits are increased for sugarcane farmers and sugar production enterprises, and sugarcane leaves and residues can be returned to field easily.