Polyolefinn succinimide ashless dispersing agent, preparation method and applications thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a polyolefin succinimide ashless dispersing agent, a preparation method and applications thereof. The preparation method comprises: a) carrying out a reaction on maleic anhydride and alpha-olefin in the presence of a solid acid catalyst and an optionally added or optionally being not added solvent to produce polyolefin succinic anhydride; and b) carrying out an amidating reaction on the polyolefin succinic anhydride and polyethylenepolyamine until no water is separated so as to obtain the polyolefin succinimide ashless dispersing agent. According to the present invention, the reaction is catalyzed by using the solid acid catalyst, such that the reaction product is easily separated from the catalyst so as to substantially simplify the reaction post-treatment; the catalyst has characteristics of wide source, low cost, and easy obtaining; the operation of the production process is simple, and the safety of the process is high; and the obtained polyolefin succinimide ashless dispersing agent has the high base value, can be used in the lubricant compositions, and can effectively improve the dispersibility and the cleaning performance of the compositions.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention specifically relates to a polyolefin succinimide ashless dispersant, its preparation method and application, and belongs to the field of lubricating oil dispersants. Background technique [0002] Adding a dispersant to the oil can effectively prevent carbon deposits and sludge formation, prolong the oil change period, and save energy and economic expenditure. General dispersants mainly refer to ashless dispersants, which have no metal elements in their molecular structure and no ash after combustion. Among them, succinimide dispersant is the most widely used and most used ashless dispersant, and its usage accounts for more than 80% of the total dispersant usage. [0003] The most critical step in the preparation of polyolefin succinimide ashless dispersant is the preparation of polyolefin succinic anhydride, that is, the alkylation reaction. At present, the disclosed preparation methods of polyalkenyl succinic anhydride are mainly divid...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] For example, US3361673, US3202678, US3202679, US3676089, EP0623631, EP0629638, etc. disclose a method for preparing polyolefin succinic anhydride by thermal addition, but this method must use a highly reactive polyolefin with an α-alkenyl content of more than 70mol%. , the raw material cost is relatively high, and because the reaction temperature of this method is at 200 o C above, and the reaction time is long, resulting in high production energy consumption, prone to side reactions such as unsaturated acid polymerization, polyolefin and unsaturated acid copolymerization, olefin oligomerization or unsaturated acid pyrolysis during the reaction process

[0005] US3172892, US3231587, FR2321508, etc. disclose the method for preparing polyolefin succinic anhydride by using chlorine gas to trigger alkylation reaction. In the production process of this method, highly corrosive and toxic chlorine gas must be used and a large amount of hydrogen chloride by-products will be generated during the reaction process. This will cause serious corrosion to the production equipment and pollute the environment. In addition, the product contains residual chlorine, which will have a negative impact on its performance.

[0006] US5319030, CN00133347.X, CN200810011482.5, EP0624602, JP2004256668, EP0744413, etc. describe the use of free radical catalysts to initiate alkylation reactions, but the addition of free radical initiators is prone to unsaturated acid polymerization, polyolefins and unsaturated Copolymerization of acid, in addition, free radical initiators such as di-tert-butyl peroxide vapor and air are easy to form explosive mixtures, this unsafety limits its industrial production

[0007] US5420207, EP014288, US3819660, US5777025, US20040102338, etc. disclose the use of liquid acids such as sulfonic acid as catalysts to prepare polyalkenyl succinic anhydrides, but in this type of process, it is difficult to remove the catalyst, while corrosive liquids such as sulfonic acid The acid is directly in contact with the reaction kettle at high temperature for a long time, which is highly corrosive to the reaction equipment and easily causes damage to the equipment

[0008] As another example, US3912764, CN200810109265.X, CN201110096164.5, US20110111994, etc. disclose the use of chlorine gas in combination with heat to catalyze the alkylation reaction, but chlorine gas still needs to be used in the reaction process

[0009] CN94105377.6, US5625004, US5286799, US6451920, CN104326962 etc. disclose the method that adopts free radical and heat to combine or free radical initiator and liquid acid combine to catalyze the alkylation reaction, but this method relatively uses single free radical method, heat Addition method and liquid acid method, the process is complicated, and still has not overcome the shortcomings of free radical method and liquid acid method