135 results about "Electronic filter" patented technology

PCT No. PCT / DK95 / 00089 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 27, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 27, 1996 PCT Filed Feb. 27, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95 / 23493 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 31, 1995A method and apparatus for simulating the transmission of sound from sound sources to the ear canals of a listener encompasses novel head-related transfer functions (HTFs), novel methods of measuring and processing HTFs, and novel methods of changing or maintaining the directions of the sound sources as perceived by the listener. The measurement methods enable the measurement and construction of HTFs for which the time domain descriptions are surprisingly short, and for which the differences between listeners are surprisingly small. The novel HTFs can be exploited in any application concerning the simulation of sound transmission, measurement, simulation, or reproduction. The invention is particularly advantageous in the field of binaural synthesis, specifically, the creation, by means of two sound sources, of the perception in the listener of listening to sound generated by a multichannel sound system. It is also particularly useful in the designing of electronic filters used, for example, in virtual reality systems, and in the designing of an "artificial head" having HTFs that approximate the HTFs of the invention as closely as possible in order to make the best possible representation of humans by the artificial head, thereby making artificial head recordings of optimal quality.

The present invention is a method for adjusting different resonant frequencies of a plurality of mechanical resonators formed on a common substrate, in a case where the resonant frequencies of the resonators are a function of each resonator thickness. According to this method the resonators are each formed with an etchable top electrode layer which includes a material having different etching properties as a topmost layer for each of the resonators having different resonant frequencies. By selectively etching these etchable layers one at a time in the presence of the others, one may adjust the resonant frequencies of each of the resonators without need to mask the resonators during the etching process. Associated with this method there is a resonator structure having a top electrode structure having a topmost layer having different etching characteristics for different resonators.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for optical feedback control for an illumination device, wherein the control signal for each array of one or more light-emitting elements corresponding to a particular color, is independently configured using a modification signal whose frequency is different for each color. Electronic filters whose center frequencies are substantially equal to the modification signal frequencies of the drive currents for the light-emitting elements are used to discriminate between the radiant flux corresponding to each of the different colors of light-emitting elements, from a sample of the mixed radiant flux output collected by one or more optical sensors. The output of an individual electronic filter is substantially directly proportional to the radiant flux output of the light-emitting elements of the associated color, which together with the desired luminous flux and chromaticity of the output light, the controller can use to adjust the control signals.

An electronic filtering device includes continuous trace on a dielectric substrate and a dissipation layer communicatively coupled to the trace. The dissipation layer may include disconnected metal particles, which may be embedded in a substrate, for example in an epoxy. The continuous trace may be meandering, for example crenulated, coil or spiral signal path. At least a second continuous trace may be spaced from the first by the substrate, and conductively coupled by a via. The electronic filtering device may be used in one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs) that form stages of an input / output system.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for optical feedback control for an illumination device, wherein the control signal for each array of one or more light-emitting elements corresponding to a particular colour, is independently configured using a modification signal whose frequency is different for each colour. Electronic filters whose center frequencies are substantially equal to the modification signal frequencies of the drive currents for the light-emitting elements are used to discriminate between the radiant flux corresponding to each of the different colours of light-emitting elements, from a sample of the mixed radiant flux output collected by one or more optical sensors. The output of an individual electronic filter is substantially directly proportional to the radiant flux output of the light-emitting elements of the associated colour, which together with the desired luminous flux and chromaticity of the output light, the controller can use to adjust the control signals.

An optical receiver with an electronic filter is described, the parameters of the filter being set by means of high-speed eye monitors. Also described is a high-speed eye monitor with threshold-value decision elements which are set close to the vertices of the eye of an eye diagram, the eye monitor being optimized through connection of a pseudo-error generator and comparison with setpoint values and outputting the eye opening and the Q-factor.

Improved techniques for concurrent channel equalization and far-end crosstalk channel compensation (e.g., estimation and / or cancellation) in a multicarrier data transmission system are disclosed. The improved techniques can produce coefficients for an electronic filter that provide channel equalization and for an electronic filter that provides cancellation of the far-end crosstalk. These coefficients can be initially trained and then subsequently updated during data transmission. Optionally, common coefficient determination resources can be utilized for both far-end crosstalk and near-end crosstalk purposes. These improved techniques are particularly suitable for use with a digital multicarrier communication system having multiple-input multiple-output systems.

A battery powered portable human body carrying electronic human breath filtration device is an electronic nose mask and is the most ideal alternative to conventional filter paper type nose mask. It utilizes electronic ionization technique and electrostatic field to remove air borne particles, dust, pollens, contaminants, bacteria, viruses, toxic chemical, fume and tobacco smoke from human inhalation and exhalation breath. It interacts with human breathing action as the air flow driving system to move the inhalation and exhalation breaths through the electronic filter elements, in addition to a front louver cover and a rear louver cover's protection as pre-filters. The system requires very low running current and uses small batteries usually found in household electronics. This filtration system is light weight with negligible air flow resistance and is integrated into the nose mask which is connected to a pocket size control system via a connection cable.

An electronic filter assembly includes a magnetically conductive annular body extending around a center axis, a set of magnetically conductive prongs radially extending from the center axis toward the annular body, and conductive windings extending around the prongs. The conductive windings can be disposed around the prongs instead of the annular body to assist in conduction of common mode magnetic flux, to reduce impedance of the filter assembly, and / or to more evenly distribute temperature in the filter assembly. A method for forming an electronic filter assembly includes forming an electronic filter assembly having a magnetically conductive annular body extending around a center axis and a set of magnetically conductive prongs radially extending from the center axis toward the annular body. The annular body and the prongs can be formed by coupling plural layers of magnetically conductive bodies together.

An electronic filtering device includes continuous trace on a dielectric substrate and a dissipation layer communicatively coupled to the trace. The dissipation layer may include disconnected metal particles, which may be embedded in a substrate, for example in an epoxy. The continuous trace may be meandering, for example crenulated, coil or spiral signal path. At least a second continuous trace may be spaced from the first by the substrate, and conductively coupled by a via. The electronic filtering device may be used in one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs) that form stages of an input / output system.

Optical impairments such as dispersion and fibre nonlinearity are compensated by generating a pre-distorted electrical signal at the transmitter. This signal is modulated onto a carrier signal, so that it is upconverted in frequency. This up converted signal is then used to modulate an optical source. Generally the optical signal will have two sidebands, one of which has the correctly pre-distorted information and the other which is unwanted. Information in the unwanted optical sideband is either filtered optically or electrically. In the preferred embodiments, the transmitter uses a tunable semiconductor laser with an integrated electroabsorption modulator to modulate the light. The preferred receiver is a coherent receiver with a tunable local oscillator laser. The receiver uses an electrical filter to remove the information in the unwanted sideband.

The invention discloses a single-response microwave photonic filter-based frequency measurement device and a measurement method, and relates to a frequency measurement device and method. The frequency measurement device is provided with a broadband light source, a Mach-Zehnder fiber optic interferometer, an electro-optical modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a microwave antenna, a dispersion optical fiber, a photo detector and an electrodynamic meter. A tunable single-response microwave photonic filter can be realized by using a structure based on combined Mach-Zehnder fiber optic interferometer spectral division and dispersion optical fiber; the transmission peak frequency position of the single-response microwave photonic filter is adjusted by scanning an adjustable delay line of the optical fiber; and the detection of the frequency of a measured microwave signal is realized by restoring measurement of electric signal power through the photo detector. The microwave electronic filter has an incoherent filter structure; and meanwhile, the detection of a multi-frequency microwave signal is realized through quick length scanning of the adjustable delay line. Remote high-frequency microwave signal frequency measurement of electromagnetic interference can be realized.

Optical impairments such as dispersion and fibre nonlinearity are compensated by generating a pre-distorted electrical signal at the transmitter. This signal is modulated onto a carrier signal, so that it is upconverted in frequency. This up converted signal is then used to modulate an optical source. Generally the optical signal will have two sidebands, one of which has the correctly pre-distorted information and the other which is unwanted. Information in the unwanted optical sideband is either filtered optically or electrically. In the preferred embodiments, the transmitter uses a tunable semiconductor laser with an integrated electroabsorption modulator to modulate the light. The preferred receiver is a coherent receiver with a tunable local oscillator laser. The receiver uses an electrical filter to remove the information in the unwanted sideband.

Methods and apparatus for providing electrical energy to an electrical circuit without using a pronged plug are disclosed. A power connector includes a substrate with openings for receiving prongs of an electrical plug. Contacts supported on the substrate extend into the openings. The contacts are connected to the electrical circuit. The substrate is placed over an electrical outlet receptacle. When the prongs of the electrical plug are inserted through the two openings of the power connector and into the outlet receptacle, the prongs touch each of the contacts, respectively, such that electrical power can be supplied to the electrical circuit connected to the pair of contacts. The power connector can be incorporated into a wall plate mounted over an electrical outlet, either in place of or directly over an existing wall plate. An electrical circuit is housed within the wall plate. Typical electrical circuit devices powered by the present invention include night lights, emergency lights, air fresheners, air purifiers, pest controls, alarms, smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, amplifiers, antennae, motion sensors, home security modules, home automation modules, surge protectors, electronic filters, load indicators, and home-wiring based network connections for telephones or local area networks (LANS).

A power cell system such as a fuel cell system, with apparatus for detecting a discontinuity. A power cell system, e.g. a fuel cell system, includes a plurality of power cells, e.g. fuel cells and plurality of first resistances, the plurality of power cells and first resistances being connected in the form of a ladder circuit, and electronic filters each having a first connection to a first node between two of the first resistances, each electronic filter having a second resistance and a charge storage device connected to the second resistance.

A radio frequency electronic filter includes an input, an output, and first and second resonators coupled to the input and the output, with the first resonator including a first voltage tunable dielectric varactor and the second resonator including a second voltage tunable dielectric varactor. The resonators can include a lumped element resonator, a ceramic resonator, or a microstrip resonator. Additional voltage tunable dielectric varactors can be connected between the input and the first resonator and between the second resonator and the output. Voltage tunable dielectric varactors can also be connected between the first and second resonators.

An electronic filter operates as a correlator that provides a discrete approximation of an analog signal. The analog to digital conversion is integrated directly approximation calculation. An array of sample and hold circuits or single bit comparators provide outputs to a series of multipliers, the other input of which is a coefficient value of a Fourier series approximation of the desired frequency response. Each of the sample and hold circuits samples sequentially in time and holds its sample until the next cycle. Thus the sample point rotates in time through the array and each new sample is multiplied by a different coefficient. The output of the multipliers is summed for evaluation.

A method for detecting smoke via a chamber-less smoke sensor includes applying one or more filters to eliminate a flooding of ambient light upon the smoke sensor and emitting, by a source, light. At least one detector detects at least a portion of the emitted light and a processor processes the detected light to signal an alarm condition when one or more threshold levels are reached. A chamber-less smoke sensor includes a light source configured to emit light and at least one detector configured to detect at least a portion of the emitted light. An electronic filter and / or a processor is configured to apply one or more filters to eliminate a flooding of ambient light upon the smoke sensor and process the detected light to signal an alarm condition when a threshold level is reached.

A high performance electronic air filter comprising an ionized region and a dust collecting region is characterized in that: the filter also comprises a condensation region, said condensation region is on the air inlet side, the dust collecting region is on the air outlet side, the ionized region is in the middle, and there is condensation electrode assembly comprising multi-direct current anode and cathode coronas in the condensation region. The filtration efficiency can be improved by arranging a particle charge condensing region above the ionized region. The air filter can filter submicro particles in air, cleaning air, and improve air quality.

A light detector arranged to determine a daylight contribution and an artificial light contribution to a combined illumination level wherein the artificial light comprises individual light coding modulation. The detector comprises:—a photo-sensor arranged to detect the illumination level at its position, and generate an illumination signal; and—a calculator, connected with the photo-sensor for receiving the illumination signal, and arranged to calculate the daylight contribution and the artificial light contribution and output corresponding daylight and artificial light signals. The calculator comprises:—an electronic filter arranged to prepare the illumination signal for estimation of the daylight and artificial light contributions;—a daylight part and an artificial light part, respectively connected to the electronic filter. The artificial light part comprises an artificial light DC component estimator, and the daylight part comprises a total DC component estimator, and a subtractor connected to the total DC component estimator and to the artificial light DC component estimator, and being arranged to determine the daylight contribution as the difference between their outputs. The artificial light DC component estimator is arranged to include present luminaire dimming level data and modulation depth data regarding the light coding modulation in a basis of its estimation.

An electronic filter comprises a housing having input and output ends. The housing has a body and a connector. The connector is located at the input end of the housing. A circuit board is located within the body. A collet assembly is located within the connector to receive electrical signals and conduct them to the circuit board. The collet assembly includes an insulator, a conductor, and an elastomeric sealing member. The insulator is located within the connector. The insulator contains a generally cylindrical opening through its length. The conductor extends through the opening of the insulator. The conductor has an input end adjacent the input end of the housing and an output end adjacent the circuit board. The conductor has a hollow interior at its input end. The sealing member surrounds the insulator in compressed engagement with the insulator and the surrounding connector.

A low let-through voltage surge suppression or protection circuit for protecting hardware or equipment from electrical surges. During operation when no surge condition is present, the circuit allows propagation of signals from a source to a load along a signal path. When a surge is present, the circuit senses and diverts the surge away from the signal path, utilizing common mode and / or differential mode surge protection. An electronic filter is connected in parallel with surge suppression circuit elements for reducing the let through voltage that would otherwise propagate and require a higher power surge suppression circuit element to mitigate. Cascading multiple electronic filters in parallel with surge suppression circuit elements further reduces voltage let through.

The field of the invention is that of surface acoustic wave transponders and associated devices. This invention applies more particularly to the techniques for identifying and locating transponders. It also applies to the transmission of information or measurements, the transponder then being used as a transducer. This type of transponder can, in particular, be used on vehicles, and in particular on road vehicles. The inventive transponder (1) comprises a surface acoustic wave device, comprising one or more electronic filters (101) with narrow spectral band centered on one or more central frequencies and a delay line (102) operating in reflection mode. By having narrowband filters centered on different frequencies, it is thus possible to easily discriminate between different transponders. The delay lines make it possible to simply separate the transmitted signal and the received signal. The inventive transponder can also be used as a transducer. Also, by using an interrogation device that uses two receive antennas, it is possible to locate the position of several transducers with a single interrogation device.

The present invention provides parking curb detection devices and methods for alerting a motor vehicle driver when a predetermined distance from a parking curb has been reached to prevent vehicle damage. An audio and / or a visible signal device alerts the vehicle driver when the correct stopping point has been reached. The present invention utilizes a triangulation led infrared sensor, a control box with digital algorithm filtering, long wave length and bandpass optical filters, and also electronic filters to largely prevent false alerts during bright sunshine conditions.

Printed circuit board capacitors include a first electrode comprising a via extending at least partially through a multi-layer printed circuit board and a plurality of conductive pads in electrical contact with the via and extending radially outward from the via, and a second electrode electrically isolated from the first electrode and comprising a plurality of ground-plane layers of the printed circuit board. The plurality of ground-plane layers include electrically conductive material overlapping the plurality of conductive pads.