The present disclosure provides methods for inducing tolerance in a recipient to a mismatched graft of an organ, tissue, and / or cells, by disrupting
sex steroid signaling in the patient, wherein the
bone marrow and other immune
cell functionality is improved without, prior to, or concurrently with, thymic regeneration. In some embodiments,
sex steroid signaling in the patient, is interrupted or ablated by the administration of LHRH agonists, LHRH antagonists, anti-LHRH
receptor antibodies, anti-LHRH vaccines, anti-androgens, anti-estrogens,
selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective
androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), selective progesterone response modulators (SPRMs), ERDs,
aromatase inhibitors, or various combinations thereof.