The invention relates to the technical field of automobile safety, in particular to an energy absorption device for preventing whiplash injury, and the device is arranged on an automobile seat and comprises a main framework and a fixed frame, wherein the main framework is fixedly connected with the pelvis framework of a seat, and the fixed frame is fixedly connected with a sliding guide rail of the seat; the main framework comprises two longitudinal beams arranged in parallel and a cross beam for connecting the two longitudinal beams, the fixed frame comprises a plurality of friction clamping plates, the cross beam is arranged in the friction clamping plates in a penetrating manner, and the cross beam is connected with the friction clamping plates through a cut-off type connecting piece; and when the seat is subjected to an impact force, the main frame can move relative to the fixed frame, so that the cut-off type connecting piece is cut off, and the cross beam can slide along the friction clamp plate. The energy absorption device for preventing whiplash injury is arranged above the sliding guide rail below the pelvis of the automobile seat, so that the automobile seat can absorb energy and slide backwards in the rear collision process of an automobile, and whiplash injury to passengers is reduced.