The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and discloses a reciprocating type mowing device for agricultural planting. The device comprises a device body, a U-shaped plateis fixedly connected to the bottom of the device body, a roller is movably connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the U-shaped plate through a plug, two front-back symmetric installing rodsare fixedly connected to the front face and the back face of the device body, and a ploughing box is fixedly connected to the sides, away from each other, of the two installing rods through combined rods. According to the reciprocating type mowing device for agricultural planting, by arranging an asynchronous motor, a force application block, a limiting spring, a reciprocating plate, a synchronousmotor, a cutting blade and a stress block, the whole mowing device achieves the reciprocating motion effect in the front-back direction, rapid reciprocating motion is performed on the whole mowing device, the whole mowing effect and the mowing quality are improved, no missed mowing or non-segmentation phenomenon exists, the harvesting quality maximization is ensured to the great extent, and therefore the effect of facilitating pasture harvesting and using is achieved.