The invention discloses a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-driving-generation-based cascaded multilevel converter, which comprises a frequency conversion controller and an FPGA connected with the frequency conversion controller. The FPGA comprises a bus interface module, a frequency division module, a sinusoidal wave generation module, a carrier generation module and a driving signal generation module. A phase shift carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technology is adopted, and N carriers are compared with a three-phase modulated wave respectively, so that N bi-level three-phase SPWM signals are obtained. The characteristics of the FPGA are fully utilized, and a data storage circuit, an address generation circuit, a control circuit and the like which are required by the generation of the SPWM signals are all integrated into a chip, so that a frequency conversion system has a high integration level, low cost and high reliability, and comprises a few parts; and a device resource utilization rate is high, switching frequency is reduced, a sideband harmonic order is increased, and the frequency conversion system is low in switching loss and low in harmonic content.