The invention discloses an FPGA/CPLD (Field Programmable Gate Array/Complex Programmable Logic Device)-based program downloader, which comprises a host, a transmission device and a configurable device that constitutes a hardware structure through a programming mode, wherein the transmission device is connected with the host and the configurable device that constitutes the hardware structure through the programming mode respectively, the transmission device comprises a USB (Universal Serial Bus) control module, a protocol conversion module, a buffer module and an output port, the USB control module is connected with a USB interface of the host, the protocol conversion module is connected with the USB control module, the buffer module is connected with the protocol conversion module, the protocol conversion module is connected with the output port, and the output port is connected with an input port of the configurable device that constitutes the hardware structure through the programming mode.