229 results about "Aquatic weeds" patented technology

The chain-net type solid-liquid separating mechanical apparatus for cutting aquatic weed and cleaning river includes one aquatic weed cutting mechanism, one aquatic weed and waste fishing mechanism, one compressing and conveying mechanism, one flow forming mechanism, one anchor locating mechanism, one intercepting and driving mechanism and one control system. It is used to cut, collect, solid-liquid separate, pile, etc for maintaining clean river.

The invention relates to a small electric remote control aquatic weed harvester. Aquatic weeds grow in natural or artificial shallow water areas widely and are harvested substantially manually or by large manned aquatic weed harvesters, and the aquatic weeds in narrow, complex and scattered water areas are difficult to harvest effectively. The invention is mainly characterized in that the small electric remote control aquatic weed harvester is driven by rechargeable batteries, the work of a motor is controlled by a remote control device, a catamaran consisting of two boat-shaped floating drums can be ensured to complete the actions of advancing, retreating, turning left, turning right, starting a cutting knife and stopping in water, and the whole equipment can be assembled and disassembled and cutting depth can be adjusted. The small electric remote control aquatic weed harvester has the advantages of mechanical transmission, small size, flexible operation and light draught, can collect floaters in water, utilize clean energy without pollution and greatly improve the efficiency of harvesting various submerged plants, floating plants and emerged plants, is particularly suitable for harvesting and cleaning the aquatic weeds in the natural or artificial water areas of small and medium sizes, maintains health of aquatic ecosystems and builds a beautiful and clean water body environment.

A full-automatic weeding ship comprises a hull and an engine, an aquatic weed collecting device is arranged on the hull, an aquatic weed compressing device connected with the aquatic weed collecting device is arranged at the top of the hull, and an aquatic weed conveying device connected with the aquatic weed compressing device is arranged at the tail of the hull. Novel mechanical principles and mechanical structures are adopted, and therefore the full-automatic weeding ship has the advantages of being high in weeding efficiency, convenient to operate and the like. The full-automatic weeding ship can automatically complete the work of cutting, collecting, compressing and conveying aquatic weeds, the height of a collecting rack and the height of a conveying frame body can be adjusted, and a guard bar on the rack can protect poking teeth well and clear various aquatic weeds thoroughly. The full-automatic weeding ship is high in efficiency and capable of saving a great deal of manpower and has large economic benefits and high promotional value.

The invention belongs to aquatic weed clearing device, comprising hull, power machine group, drive propulsion system, aquatic weed disposing apparatus, control system, and aquatic weed conveyor which includes weed picking conveyor at the front of the ship and weed unloading conveyor at the back of the ship. Weed collector is installed on the head of the weed picking conveyor and can be up-and-down following the rotation of the weed picking conveyor. The aquatic weed disposing apparatus is composed of aquatic weed cutter and disintegrator. The aquatic weed clearing process comprises: collecting the aquatic weed by weed collector, feeding by weed picking conveyor and cutting by cutter, entering into disintegrator, dewatering, feeding to storage tank by weed unloading conveyor. The invention increases the collecting efficiency of the aquatic weed and benefits the disintegration and dehydration. Therefore, the storage ability of the weed cleaning ship is adequately used.

The invention relates to an aquarium lamp, which comprises an illumination unit and a control unit. The illumination unit includes a plurality of LEDs, which are arranged adjacent to each other and can emit light beams of different color systems. The control unit is electrically connected with the LEDs for controlling the LEDs of different color systems respectively. Compared with the prior well-known art, the LEDs can obviate frequent replacement of light sources of the aquarium lamp and can further provide stable light beam, improve the utilization rate, reduce the power consumption and lower the use cost due to the advantages of the LEDs such as low power consumption, long service life, good color saturation, high light emission efficiency and controllable color temperature. Additionally, the control unit can control the LEDs of different color systems respectively to provide light beams of different color systems for a user, thus controlling the growth speed of aquatic weeds, improving the changing of light in aquarium and enhancing the purchasing desire of consumers.

The invention relates to a medicament for fast preventing the malignant float grasses and the water algae and the application thereof, belonging to the pesticide formulation technical field, which is characterized in that the medicament comprises from 40% to 90% of a plant vinegar fluid, from 5% to 35% of an organic acid, and from 1% to 20% of pesticide addition agent, the plant vinegar fluid is either a bamboo vinegar fluid, a wooden vinegar fluid, and (or) grass vinegar fluid, the organic acid is one of or a mixture of more than one of a formic acid, an acetic acid, a propionic acid, a 2-methyl propionic acid, an ethyl acetic acid, a 4-hydroxy ethyl acetic acid, a pentanoic acid, a benzoic acid, a 2,6-hydroxy benzoic acid, a 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid or a 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzoic acid. The medicament has the advantages of fast destroying the chlorophyll, stopping the plant to do the photosynthesis, commonly killing the water algae in a half hour and the float grass in three hours by spraying, having low production cost, strong killing capability, wide adaptable temperature range and pH value range. The active component of the invention has the advantages of being the natural-occurring substance, no corrosion, nonirritant, safe use, and reliability, easy biodegradation, and no secondary pollution.

The invention provides an artificial simulated aquatic weed manufacturing method. The invention adopts the method that natural aquatic weed is used as a template, a platy soft foam plastic floating type framework in a middle layer is used as a solid bracket, mixed fiber layers are bonded on the both sides of the surface, and therefore an artificial simulated aquatic weed main body is manufactured by adopting the three-layer composite structure; a plurality of floating balls are arranged at the upper end of the artificial simulated aquatic weed main body equidistantly, a balance sand bag is arranged at the lower end, and therefore the artificial simulated aquatic weed is manufactured. The mixed fiber of hydrophilic fiber and hydrophobic fiber is used as a biological film carrier, the surface characteristic and the physicochemical index parameter of the manufactured artificial simulated aquatic weed are good, the specific surface area is large, the hanging of the biological film is perfect, and the operating performance is steady; the structural design is reasonable, the installation is simple, the production cost is low, and the application is diversiform.

The invention discloses a method for fry and fingerling rearing of aquatic animals, particularly a synchronized fry and fingerling rearing method of Procambarus Clarkii and an application thereof. The method is based on the mating and spawning habits of Procambarus Clarkii, and controls the synchronous development of parent prawns, fry production time, breeding density and fry and fingerling specifications by modifying the fry and fingerling rearing pool, transplanting aquatic weed and strictly controlling water level in fall and winter.

Bionic water grass and its water quality reinforcement cleaning method relates to micro pollution source water treatment technology, which applies to resource-field water quality reinforcement cleaning technology to eutrophication lakes and micro pollution channels, etc. In Bionic weeds, the floating ball (1) and ecological fish reef (5) was connected flexibly with nylon cord (4),which make them sway with flow by 360degree, nylon cord coat has plastic pipes which can prevent Bionic weeds twisting together; there are many discs (2) which concatenate to nylon cord between the floating ball (1) and ecological fish reef (5) individually. The water quality reinforcement cleaning method of bionic water grass is: bionic water grass was released directly to eutrophication or micro pollution water mass, release denseness based on pollution degree of the lakes and channels, the average volume about 20%; The top of bionic water grass use floating ball to float on the water surface, the bottom fixed to ecological fish reef (5) to prevent its dispersion, the length of nylon cord (4) a little longer than the stage height.

The invention discloses a process for preparing organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer which comprises using aquatic weeds or fruit peel or discarded vegetable leaves as raw material, using Saccharo cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis as composite bacteria, activating the composite bacteria and mixing with processed aquatic weed juice or peel extract or vegetable leaves juice, fermenting in asepsis environment to obtain organic liquid fertilizer, mixing the composite bacteria with processed aquatic weed slag or peel slag or vegetable leaves slag, carrying out fermentation to obtain organic solid fertilizer.

The invention discloses a high-density transportation technology of young Procambarus Clarkii; the injury to the young Procambarus Clarkii can be reduced by improving the fishing technology and then the young Procambarus Clarkii is kept for 4 to 6 hours without feeding to reduce the excretion; the healthy young Procambarus Clarkii can be selected and reinforcement cages made from polythene are overlapped to enhance the transportation capacity; the humidity of the transportation environment can be maintained by adding aquatic weeds to increase the survival rate. The method utilizes the physiological property of Procambarus Clarkii and adopts non-water transportation to greatly reduce the weight and volume of transportation facilities, which is convenient for vehicle transportation. By adopting the method, the transportation time can be prolonged to 10 to 12 hours and the transportation survival rate can reach more than 90%; therefore, the aim of high-density transportation and low cost can be realized.

A sub surface aquatic weed barrier consisting of a strip of plastic held to the aquatic substrate by transverse weights bonded to the plastic strip. Gas release ports are located in the plastic sheet, positioned midway between the transverse weights.

The invention provides a bionic aquatic weed for water quality purification of a black and odorous river channel. The bionic aquatic weed comprises a floating block, biological fillers, a slow-release bacteria agent pack, a slow-release oxygen pack, a balance weight and a rope. The bionic aquatic weed is fed into water and is capable of continuously releasing a bacteria agent and oxygen to form microbial populations on the biological fillers so as to remove pollutants in the water body of the black and odorous river channel. The bionic aquatic weed is simple in structure, convenient to implement, stable to operate and low in investment and operation costs and can take effect rapidly.

The invention provides a direct-drive type small marine aquatic weed cutting machine, solving the problems that cutting equipment in current market cannot meet the requirements of a user well due to the characteristics of small area, irregular dimension and diversification. The direct-drive type small marine aquatic weed cutting machine is characterized by comprising a gasoline engine, a telescopic spline shaft, a support, a lead screw, a circular tubular lead rail, a cutter frame, eccentric wheels, a blade and a clamp, wherein the support is connected with a boat body through the clamp; the clamp, the support and the gasoline are connected through bolts, and the support is also connected with the circular tubular lead rail through the bolt; the output shaft of the gasoline is directly connected with an input shaft of the eccentric wheel in the middle of the blade through the telescopic spline shaft; and the cutter frame can move up and down to adjust the depth in cutting through a lead screw nut mechanism. The direct-drive type small aquatic weed cutting machine for the boat can be applied to removing the aquatic weed in the small area. The direct-drive type small marine aquatic weed cutting machine is simple, practical, light, and cheap, can be installed in a common fishing boat, can easily adjust the depth of a cutter in the water and has high transmission efficiency, and manual work can be completely replaced.

The invention discloses an ecological water environment clean-up device. The device comprises a hull, an aquatic weed cutting device, an aquatic weed scraping mechanism and a conveying hopper; two hydraulic cylinders identical in structure are fixedly installed at the bottom of the hull, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to telescopic ends of the two hydraulic cylinders, and the aquatic weed cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate; an oblique conveying mechanism is arranged at the tail of the hull, a collection box is arranged on the portion, located below the oblique conveying mechanism, of the tail of the hull, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the collection box, the oblique conveying mechanism is communicated with the feed inlet through the conveying hopper, a horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the tail of the hull, the lower end of the oblique conveying mechanism is connected with a telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism, the aquatic weed scraping mechanism is arranged on the portion, located at the lower end of the oblique conveying mechanism, of the tail of the hull, and the aquatic weed scraping mechanism is intransmission connection with the oblique conveying mechanism. Accordingly, aquatic weeds are cut and collected in the collection box, mechanical fishing of the aquatic weeds is achieved, and the workefficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a nose cabin collection device of a cleaning boat for a riverway, which can conveniently collect aquatic weeds and impurities with larger volume, and comprises a nose cabin, wherein a first support and a second support are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the nose cabin, a mounting rod is arranged between the first support and the second support, a first rolling wheel shaft support and a second rolling wheel shaft support are respectively movably arranged on the mounting rod, a rolling wheel shaft and a fifth driving motor for driving the rolling wheel shaft are arranged at the front ends of the first rolling wheel shaft support and the second rolling wheel shaft support, and a plurality of collection claws are arranged on the rolling wheel shaft. The nose cabin collection device has the advantages that the cleaning boat for the riverway equipped with the nose cabin collection device of the structure can well collect the aquatic weeds and the impurities with the larger volume in rivers and lakes, the collection effect is good and the collection efficiency is high.

The present invention is one kind of cement pond for raising rice field eel with aquatic weed, rather than clay, inside it. After the pond is built, aquatic weed with developed roots is set inside the pond and water and feed are added into the pond. The raising pond is 2-20 sq m large and 50-60 cm deep and has arced peripheral, brick raised into the pond port, water draining and overflowing pipe 1 cm lower than pond bottom and 70-80 mesh filtering screen. The pond may be used in producing rice field eel of high quality and no pollution.

The use of a bacterial secondary metabolite, thaxtomin is described as an effective herbicide on broadleaved, sedge and grass weeds, e.g., in rice fields with no phytotoxicity to rice as well as on aquatic based weeds.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a loach feed. The loach feed consists of fresh fish meal, red worm powder, lobster powder, soybean cake albumen powder, balsam pear albumen powder, aquatic weed powder, pumpkin powder, table salt, pine needle meal, and a liquorice root additive. The formula is low in cost, ingredients are easy to obtain, the formula and the preparation method are simple, the disease resistance is high, the growth speed is high, the loach feed has good effects of feeding fingerlings and adult fishes, raised fishes are tall and fat, and the defects that loaches grow slowly, have poor constitution and are easy to sicken due to unreasonable nutrient components and lower content of various proteins and vitamins in the conventional feed ingredients are overcome.

The invention discloses a four-step method for processing and recycling tin ore floatation wastewater, which comprises a new floatation technique, chemical treatment, physical treatment and biological treatment. The four-step method is characterized in that the principle of putting prevention first and providing prevention and control is adopted. The method is as follows: the new floatation technique and process are utilized to reduce the floatation wastewater and the microgranular particles from the headstream and reduce the usage amount of floatation reagents; because the chemical treatment method is used, the concentration of polyacrylamide in the tin ore floatation wastewater is increased from 0.5 percent to 0.9-1.1 percent, and the settling rate of part of the wastewater is improved; the physical treatment method is adopted to increase the settling distance and the settling time, the settling distance is extended for another 600 to 800m on the basis of 200m, and the settling time is increased for another 25 to 27 hours on the basis of 10 hours; aquatic organisms or plants, such as fish, frogs, aquatic weeds and the like are adopted to process the wastewater, the ecological reconstruction is realized, the agricultural irrigation standards are met, the utilization ratio of floatation return water is improved from 86 percent to above 97 percent, and peaceful and friendly coexistence of human and environment is realized.

The invention discloses Taiwania flousiana Gaussen with herbicidal activity and an application of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen and an application of a Taiwania flousiana Gaussen extract as a herbicide. The research finds that the Taiwania flousiana Gaussen and the Taiwania flousiana Gaussen extract have the efficacies of remarkably inhibiting germination, synthesis of chlorophyll a and growth of multiple classical farmland weeds, invasive weeds and aquatic weeds such as crab grass, amaranthus retroflexus, tropic ageratum herb, feather cockscomb, Bidens pilosa, mikania micrantha, Pistia stratiotes and spirogyra, have remarkable inhibition effects, can be applied to the prevention and kill-off of the farmland weeds and can be developed into efficient and pollution-free environment-friendly herbicides, or a lead compound is provided for the creation of novel herbicides; and the Taiwania flousiana Gaussen and the Taiwania flousiana Gaussen extract have remarkable social and economic benefits and good application prospects.

The invention discloses a small size track type greenhouse aquatic weed harvester. Harvesting machine of prior art aiming at the task of aquatic weed harvesting in a green house is not invented. The harvester of the invention comprises a greenhouse guide track, a harvester moving rack, a weed concentrating bin, a protective shade, a spindle, an upper weed pulling wheel, a driving motor, a belt transmission device, a lower weed pulling wheel, a disc saw, a cropper rolling wheel and a rolling wheel driving motor. The harvester can move along a transverse guide track under the control of an operator, and can move forwards along a longitudinal guide track paved in the greenhouse along with the transverse guide track synchronously; a disc cutter on the harvester is used for cut the aquatic weed in the greenhouse, the weed pulling wheel moves the cut aquatic weed to the weed concentrating bin, so that the aquatic weed falls to the bottom of the weed concentrating bin, so that the automatic weed cutting and gathering are realized; and working strength of labors is reduced effectively.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic ecosystem recovery, and particularly discloses a southern eutrophicated city lake aquatic ecosystem recovery method. The method comprises the following steps: planting wild celery and breeding java tilapia in the lake based on removing original fishes in the lake and improving the transparency; and adjusting the quantity of the java tilapia so as to keep the balance between the wild celery and the java tilapia. The method makes use of the characteristic of the perennial growth in the southern areas of the submerged plant wild celery to keep a clear water body perennially. As the java tilapia eats attaching organisms and the leaves of the wild celery have characteristics, the length of the leaves of the wild celery is controlled and consequently the leaves of the wild celery cannot grow to the water surface to impact the landscape on the lake surface. Simultaneously, the quantity of the java tilapia is artificially controlled so as to keep the relative balance between the java tilapia and the wild celery, thereby reaching the aims of avoiding the waste of labor and material resources caused by aquatic weed salvaging, and bringing about certain economic effects through the harvested java tilapia.

The invention discloses a high-efficiency aquatic weed cleaning device, which includes a hull; the front part of the hull is provided with an extension arm, the extension arm is covered with a second rotating shaft, and the second rotating shaft is connected with a stepping motor; the other end of the second rotating shaft A rotating rod is fixedly connected; the top of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a first hydraulic cylinder through bolts, and the first piston rod passes through the rotating rod and is connected with a moving block; the moving block is fixedly connected with a rotating motor through bolts; The rotating motor is connected with a bar blade through a rotating shaft. The present invention is equipped with a paddle impeller, so that the device can sail normally on the water surface densely covered with aquatic plants, so as to ensure the normal progress of the aquatic plant cleaning operation; The depth is adjusted to improve the scope of operation; the present invention is provided with an aquatic weed extrusion dehydration device, which improves the single aquatic weed cleaning volume and transportation volume of the device.

The invention discloses a multifunctional aquatic weeds harvester, which mainly comprises a ship body, wherein a grabbing cutter for cutting aquatic weeds, a reticular conveyor belt for conveying theharvested aquatic weeds, a spiral extruding conveying device for extruding water from aquatic weeds, and a storehouse for collecting weeds after squeezing are arranged successively on the ship body. The front and back ends of the ship body are respectively connected with the reticular conveyor belt and the storehouse. The spiral extrusion conveying device is arranged above the middle part of the ship body. A grabbing cutter comprises a reciprocating cutter and a drum-type cutter which are arranged at the front of the reticular conveyor belt. Aquatic weeds are collected and stored by the storehouse through the grabbing cutter, the reticular conveyor belt and the spiral extrusion conveying device in sequence during harvesting operation. The storehouse and the ship body are separable. According to the multifunctional aquatic weeds harvester, the processes of cutting and squeezing of the aquatic weeds can be simultaneously achieved. The aquatic weeds are arranged in the detachable storehouse after being dewatered; so that further transportation and utilization are facilitated and one-stop treatment is achieved. The grabbing cutter can simultaneously harvest the aquatic weeds on the water surface and underwater and the aquatic weeds can be harvested in a wide range.

The invention discloses a selenium-rich high-effective oyster mushroom culture medium including the following components, by weight, lavender, residue of siraitia grosvenorii, bran of sorghum, embryo powder of highland barley, grass seed powder, konjac powder, mint leaves, wax gourd skin, shell fossil, mica powder, dry powder of leaves of Anredera cordifolia, ferrous sulfate, citric acid, potassium sorbate, active carbon, sugar, calcium carbonate, monopotassium phosphate, loofah seedling, aquatic weeds, zinc and selenium, tea polyphenol, fruit green pigment and carbon nano tubes. The oyster mushroom culture medium is prepared with the expanded loofah seedling and the aquatic weeds as main materials, which provide a loose, water-retentive and nutrition-rich growth environment to the oyster mushrooms. By means of the fruit green pigment and the zinc and selenium supported on the carbon nano tubes, absorption and utilization of cells of the oyster mushrooms to these substances is promoted, thereby promoting growth and metabolism of the oyster mushrooms. The culture medium can achieve culture requirement of high efficient and good color and mouth feel of the oyster mushrooms.

The invention belongs to the technical field of walking machinery, and provides an amphibious composite wheel and an amphibious vehicle. The amphibious composite wheel comprises a hub, a wheel side speed reducer, a brake, a main tire, an inflation pipe, a half shaft, a central inflation and deflation system and a connecting mechanism, and further comprises a fixed blade paddle wheel impeller auxiliary tire fixedly arranged on the outer side of the hub and capable of being inflated and deflated, the auxiliary tire is made of elastic rubber, the central axis of the auxiliary tire coincides withthe central axis of the main tire, the auxiliary tire is relatively parallel to the main tire when the auxiliary tire is inflated fully, and the auxiliary tire contracts into the hub when the auxiliary tire is evacuated. The amphibious composite wheel is simple in structure, light in weight, convenient to maintain, capable of effectively preventing aquatic weed winding, strong in environmental adaptability, high in propulsion efficiency and capable of meeting special requirements of the vehicle for integrated composite propulsion on water surface and land.

A green dry lotus root planting method is characterized by comprising the steps: (1) establishing a leakproof lotus root pool, spreading a mixture of mellow soil, an organic fertilizer and bean meal in the thickness of 30-40 cm, pouring uncontaminated underground water to the lotus root pool, and enabling that the depth of water in the lotus root pool is 7-10 cm; (2) planting lotus roots after the Grain Rain season: selecting seed lotus roots, which are large in sizes, flourishing in sprouts and free from scars, with the planting density of 500-600 kg per mu and row spacing of 2-3 m, and enabling the heads of the seed lotus roots to be upwards; (3) 15-25 days later after the planting, pouring water after seedlings of the seed lotus roots sprout, and maintaining the water level to be 10-20 cm; (4) in the dry lotus root seedling and assimilated organ growing periods, regularly removing aquatic weeds, turning heads of the seed lotus roots, picking floating leaves and preventing wind; (5) in the mature lotus root period, maintaining water in the lotus pool to be 10-15 cm deep, and preventing aphids and lotus root maggots; (6) after picking the lotus roots, beginning the winter management of the lotus root pool, uniformly replenishing the organic fertilizer, and then pouring water till the depth of the water in the lotus root pool is 25-30 cm.

The invention provides a three-dimensional artificial aquatic weed. The three-dimensional artificial aquatic weed comprises a weed body and a heavy pendant for installing the weed body, wherein the weed body comprises a middle rope, multiple holes are formed in the heavy pendant, the lower end part of the middle rope is connected with the heavy pendant through the holes, the weed body also comprises multiple aquatic weed knots which are fixed on the middle rope along the length direction of the middle rope and are formed by multiple fiber packing, and multiple floaters are tied to the middle rope. The three-dimensional artificial aquatic weed has hydrophily, adsorption property, ageing resistance, and multiple functions of purifying water, beautifying water surface landscape, supplying inhabitation space for aquatic organisms, carrying out environmental education and the like and can be widely applied to water bodies with different depth and various polluted water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds and the like.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional culturing method for freshwater shrimps. The method comprises the steps of configuring oxygen-enriching, irrigation and drainage devices, setting three-dimensional culturing facilities, controlling the stocking of fries, carrying out scientific feeding, and taking catch rotation measures, wherein the step of setting three-dimensional culturing facilities can be implemented concretely through the following three approaches: 1, knotless summer flower fishing net pieces (10*33 meshes) are paved in the middle of a shrimp pond, fixed at positions 30-40cm away from the water surface and arranged in the shape of roof truss with a gradient of 15-20 degrees, wherein the width of the net piece in each row is 30-40m, and the length of the net piece is determined according to the area of the shrimp pond, two rows of net pieces are arranged in a pond with an area of less than 5 mu, four rows of net pieces are arranged in a pond with an area of more than 5 mu, and the area of the net pieces accounts for 20-30% of that of a shrimp pond; 2, aquatic weeds are planted in a shallow water zone (1m away from the edge of a shrimp pond) around the shrimp pond, wherein the aquatic weed belt is about 1m in width, and the area of the aquatic weed belt accounts for 10-20% of that of the shrimp pond; and 3, tea-branch bundles are bundled by using thin tea branches, and the tea-branch bundles are mounted around a shrimp pond so as to replace the planting of aquatic weeds. By using the method disclosed by the invention, the disease incidence rate of shrimps in the pond can be effectively reduced, and the risk of culturing can be greatly reduced.