The invention relates to a temporality-based software configuration management object dependency discovery system and method. According to the method, time-varying software development factors, including at least one of software demands, design, models, components, parameters, software products, development units and developers, are defined as temporal entities; database modes of tables, views, storage processes, etc. corresponding to the temporal entities and a temporal entity relationship are established, and each database mode at least comprises a time property field, a temporal entity internal dependency field and a temporal entity external dependency field; and access is made to all the database modes, a Multilayer Temporal Dependency Graph (MTDG) is established, and needed analysis about internal and external dependency of the temporal entities is obtained according to the MTDG. The method is beneficial for timely discovering influences on other modules or a whole software system after a certain part of the software system is changed (version upgrade and version change) during software configuration management, so that software development and maintenance cost is lowered, and software configuration efficiency is improved.