The invention discloses a grafted quaternary ammonium cation resin and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially adding chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene resin, trimethylamine hydrochloride and a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into a reactor in parts by weight, keeping the temperature of the reactor at 30-40 DEG C, reacting for 3hours while stirring, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain quaternary ammonium group introduced resin; and sequentially adding the resin, 1,2-dichloroethane and silver sulfate into a reactor, heating to 50-60 DEG C, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, reacting for 1 hour, heating to 70-80 DEG C, reacting for 1 hour, heating to 115-125 DEG C, reacting for 5 hours, cooling to room temperature, diluting the obtained reaction solution, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the grafted quaternary ammonium cation resin. The resin obtained by the invention has good electric regeneration performance, and can be used for preparing high-purity water and treating heavy metal wastewater in a membrane-free electrodeionization technology.