The invention discloses a model training and table recognition method and device, and the method comprises the steps: determining a plurality of images containing a table as training samples, determining the mark of each training sample according to the structure and position of the table in the training sample, inputting the training sample into a feature extraction layer of a recognition model, and carrying out the recognition of the table. Determining an image feature pyramid corresponding to the training sample, for each feature map in the image feature pyramid, determining a reconstruction code corresponding to the feature map, performing up-sampling on the reconstruction code corresponding to the feature map, fusing the reconstruction code with other feature maps with the size larger than that of the feature map, and taking a fusion result corresponding to each feature map as input; and inputting a recognition layer of the recognition model to obtain a recognition result of the training sample. According to the method, fusion is carried out based on the feature maps of different sizes, the recognition result of the training sample is determined, the obtained image features are more comprehensive, abundant information can be obtained when the collected image is recognized, and the efficiency is high.