The invention discloses a mode
wavefront restoration method based on a neural network, and the method comprises the steps: extracting the
mass center offset and second-order moment information of a
light spot, and fitting a nonlinear relation between the
mass center offset and second-order moment of the
light spot and a Zernike coefficient through the neural network; and finally, directly predicting a Zernike coefficient corresponding to the
wavefront to be measured from the
light spot centroid offset and the second-order moment information through a neural network. Compared with a traditional method, the method has the advantages that the second-order moment information of the light spots is extracted while the
mass center offset of the sub-light spots is extracted, effective information in the sub-apertures is increased, the corresponding relation between the light spot information and the Zernike coefficient is fitted through the neural network, the detection precision of the Shack-Hartmann
wavefront sensor is improved, and under the same
recovery precision, the detection precision of the Shack-Hartmann
wavefront sensor is improved. The requirement of a Shack-Hartmann sensor for the number of sub-apertures is reduced, and the method is expected to be used in the fields of dark and weak beacons, high-resolution wavefront measurement and the like.