38results about How to "Reduce window size" patented technology

A method and apparatus dynamically control data traffic, such as multimedia streams, needing a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) and normal data traffic, according to a variable communication environment. The method of dynamically controlling traffic in a wireless station includes reading header information of a packet received from an upper layer and determining a type of the packet, setting a priority according to the type of the packet, adjusting a size of a variable buffer by performing appropriate dynamic buffering according to the type of the packet, enqueuing the packet in a fixed buffer if the priority is high and enqueuing the packet in the variable buffer if the priority is low, and transmitting the packet enqueued in the fixed buffer to a destination station prior to the packet enqueued in the variable buffer.

According to the present invention, methods and apparatus are provided to improve the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for data such as delay sensitive or bursty data. A maximum send window is adjusted using forward queuing delay and maximum bandwidth parameters. Reverse queuing delay and the number of packets drops are not factored into generation of the maximum send window. Network buffer occupation is bounded and a congestion window is effectively varied using rate shaping and gradual size increases based at least partially on the number acknowledged packets.

A method and apparatus of encoding digital video, for example according to the ISO/IEC MPEG standards (ISO/IEC 11172-2 MPEG-1 and ISO/IEC 13818-2 MPEG-2), which employs a local motion estimator for determining respective local motion vectors for groups of adjacent macroblocks in a picture. A local motion vector is determined for each row of macroblocks in a picture from the motion vectors of the macroblocks in that row. Then, for macroblocks in the corresponding row of a subsequently coded picture, the local motion vector can be used to select the search window used for determining the motion vectors. The local motion estimator improves search range and accuracy of macroblock motion vector detection without increasing the search window accessing bandwidth and caching requirement, and computation lode of searching.

A method and apparatus of encoding digital video according to the ISO/IEC MPEG standards (ISO/IEC 11172-2 MPEG-1 and ISO/IEC 13818-2 MPEG-2) using an adaptive motion estimator. A plurality of global motion vectors are derived from the motion vectors of a previous picture in a sequence, and the global motion vectors are analyzed to determine motion characteristics. The video encoding is arranged to enable switching among different types of local motion estimators based on the motion characteristics of the moving pictures sequence. This gives rise to a motion estimation algorithm that can adaptively change its search range, search area and block matching scheme to suit different types of moving sequences.

Provided are apparatuses and methods for transmitting or receiving data packets in a data block in a communication network with a transport protocol. In one example, a loss tolerant TCP protocol is used in which a maximum segment size (MSS) may be adapted to a minimum granularity of a congestion window. Also, proactive forward error correction (FEC) packets may be added to a window of the data block. The number of proactive FEC packets may be determined, for example, based on an estimate erasure rate. In addition, reactive FEC packets may be added to the data block. Also, a receiver may receive data packets in a data block and process a selective acknowledgment (SACK) responsive to the data packets received.

A method of controlling a receiver and a transmitter to handle a transmission window size change procedure is disclosed. The method includes driving the receiver to deliver a control message having a window size parameter to the transmitter for adjusting a transmission window size of the transmitter, and driving the transmitter to output an acknowledgement message to the re- ceiver and adjust the transmission window size according to the window size parameter when the transmitter receives the control message.

Alternate window optimization procedures and/or LSP interpolation factor optimization procedures are used to improve the ITU-T G.729 speech coding standard (the “Standard”) by replacing the window used by the Standard with an optimized window and/or replacing the LSP interpolation factor used by the standard with an optimized LSP interpoltion factor. Optimized windows created using the alternate window optimization procedure and/or optimized LSP interpolation factors created using the LSP interpolation factor optimization procedure yield improvements in the objective quality of synthesized speech produced by the Standard. In many cases, improvements are obtained using shorter windows, which results in reduced computational cost and/or smaller future buffering requirements, which results in lowered coding delay. The improved Standard, procedures, and optimized windows and LSP interpolation factors can all be implemented as computer readable software code and in optimization devices.

A method for reconfiguring size of a receiving window in a communications system avoiding duplicate packet delivery to an upper layer to keep ciphering parameters in synchronization when the communications system reconfigures a receiving window of a receiver includes receiving a command for reconfiguring a size of the receiving window, reconfiguring the size of the receiving window according to the command, removing packets with sequence numbers outside the receiving window from buffers of the receiver and delivering the packets to the upper layer, determining whether a sequence number of a next expected packet is below the receiving window, and keeping the sequence number of the next expected packet and the packets in a reordering buffer of the receiver unchanged when the sequence number of the next expected packet is not below the receiving window.

A method and an apparatus for generating superpixels for a sequence of frames are described. A feature space of the sequence of frames is separated into a color subspace and a spatial subspace. A clustering is then performed in the spatial subspace on a frame basis. In the color subspace a clustering is performed on stacked frames.

In hierarchical motion estimation motion vectors are refined in successive levels of increasing search window pixel density and/or decreasing search window size. Within each hierarchical level, after finding an optimum vector at at least one pixel, based on the optimum vector, the absolute displaced frame difference or displaced frame difference for each pixel of the search window is determined. Within the search window, two or more groups of these pixels are determined, wherein each of these pixel groups is characterized by a different range of absolute displaced frame difference values or displaced frame difference values for the pixels. A segmentation of the search window into different moving object regions is carried out by forming pixel areas according to the groups, which areas represent a segmentation mask for the search window. For at least one of the segmentation areas a corresponding motion vector is estimated.

Alternate window optimization procedures and/or LSP interpolation factor optimization procedures are used to improve the ITU-T G.729 speech coding standard (the “Standard”) by replacing the window used by the Standard with an optimized window and/or replacing the LSP interpolation factor used by the standard with an optimized LSP interpolation factor. Optimized windows created using the alternate window optimization procedure and/or optimized LSP interpolation factors created using the LSP interpolation factor optimization procedure yield improvements in the objective quality of synthesized speech produced by the Standard. In many cases, improvements are obtained using shorter windows, which results in reduced computational cost and/or smaller future buffering requirements, which results in lowered coding delay. The improved Standard, procedures, and optimized windows and LSP interpolation factors can all be implemented as computer readable software code and in optimization devices.

In hierarchical motion estimation, in each motion estimation hierarchy level, a pixel block matcher for comparing correspondingly sampled pixel values of a current image and a delayed previous image is used in order to compute a motion vector for every pixel. By evaluating displaced frame differences in the measurement window, a segmentation of the measurement window into different moving object regions is performed. The corresponding segmentation information is stored, and the stored segmentation information is used as an initial segmentation mask for motion estimation in the following finer level of the motion estimation hierarchy. In the following finer level of the motion estimation hierarchy an updated segmentation information is determined. This processing continues until the finest level of said motion estimation hierarchy is reached. The resulting segmentation information values of successive search window positions can be combined.

A method of controlling a receiver and a transmitter to handle a transmission window size change procedure is disclosed. The method includes driving the receiver to deliver a control message having a window size parameter to the transmitter for adjusting a transmission window size of the transmitter, and driving the transmitter to output an acknowledgement message to the receiver and adjust the transmission window size according to the window size parameter when the transmitter receives the control message.

The invention discloses an optical lens and imaging equipment. The optical lens sequentially comprises, from an object side to an imaging surface along an optical axis, a diaphragm;p a first lens with positive focal power, wherein the object side surface and the image side surface of the first lens are convex surfaces; a second lens with positive focal power, wherein the object side surface of the second lens is a concave surface, and the image side surface of the second lens is a convex surface; a third lens with negative focal power, wherein the object side surface of the third lens is a concave surface, and the image side surface of the third lens is a convex surface; a fourth lens with positive focal power, wherein the object side surface of the fourth lens is a convex surface near the optical axis, the image side surface of the fourth lens is a concave surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface and the image side surface of the fourth lens have inflection points, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens are all aspherical lenses, the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical lens is less than 0.9 mm, and the total optical length TTL of the optical lens is less than 3.8 mm. The optical lens has the advantages of small outer diameter of the head, small size and high pixel.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a biligand film by utilizing an in-situ electric field and the biligand film prepared by the method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixingzinc acetate dihydrate and dimethylimidazole, dissolving the mixed material into a solvent to obtain a solution A, and dissolving benzimidazole into a solvent to obtain a solution B; (2) adding the solution A obtained in the step (1) into the solution B, performing mixing, and allowing the mixed material to stand, wherein an appropriate amount of mixed solution is used as a precursor liquid; and(3) immersing a substrate into the precursor liquid obtained in the step (2), applying an electric current for a reaction to obtain the biligand film. The method provided by the invention prepares thebiligand film by the in-situ electric field method, the method is simple and rapid, greatly improves the production efficiency, and has good universality; the biligand film prepared by the in-situ electric field method has no obvious defects on the surface, and has good contact with the substrate without obvious cracks; and the simple high-efficiency in-situ electric field method used in the invention can be completed at normal temperature and pressure, and has no special requirements on the substrate, thereby providing a possibility for mass production.

The invention discloses a calculation method in a time-frequency synchronization process. The method comprises the following steps of: performing down-sampling processing on received sampling data, performing autocorrelation operation at different orthogonal frequency division multiple access symbol intervals in a time domain, performing wireless inter-frame combination and combination of different symbol intervals on an obtained autocorrelation value, judging whether an NPSS exists or not according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the autocorrelation value after merging processing, preliminarily calculating time offset and fractional frequency offset according to the autocorrelation value after merging processing, and judging whether coarse cross-correlation calculation and fine cross-correlation calculation are carried out or not according to a judgment result. Through the method, the operand of calculating the time offset and the frequency offset in the synchronization process can be reduced, and meanwhile, the correct judgment rate for judging whether the NPSS exists or not is improved.