System and method for managing livestock excrement and placenta of livestock and poultry in large-scale farms

Abstract

A large-scale livestock and poultry excrement and dead livestock and poultry placenta management system and method, including source separation livestock and poultry house, solid-liquid separation system, liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation system, solid fermentation system, odor and flue gas treatment system, Circulating water system and detection and control system; source separation livestock and poultry houses are separated from rain and sewage, drinking sewage, flushing water and livestock and poultry excrement; the solid-liquid separation system includes cesspools, sludge pumps and Solid-liquid separation device, liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation system includes liquid heat preservation fermentation reactor; odor and flue gas treatment system includes odor heat exchange condenser, flue gas heat exchange condenser, biological deodorization filter tower, aeration fan, blower , Induced fan, detection and control system includes material temperature sensor, material level sensor, pressure sensor, water temperature sensor and controller. The invention has the advantages of harmlessness, weight reduction, resource utilization, environmental protection and energy saving.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection technology, and specifically relates to a pollution control system and method for large-scale farm livestock and poultry feces and urine liquid and sick and dead livestock and poultry placenta. etc., to prepare liquid organic fertilizers and solid organic fertilizers. Background technique [0002] At present, the manure cleaning methods commonly used in large-scale livestock and poultry farms at home and abroad mainly include water soaking manure, water flushing manure and dry manure cleaning process. At present, the most common method is the water soaking manure cleaning method. The disadvantage is that the manure stays in the house for a long time , part of the anaerobic fermentation in the manure ditch produces a large amount of harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane, which reduces the appetite of livestock and poultry and endangers the health of livestock and poult...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0002] At present, the manure cleaning methods commonly used in large-scale livestock and poultry farms at home and abroad mainly include water soaking manure, water flushing manure and dry manure cleaning process. At present, the most common method is the water soaking manure cleaning method. The disadvantage is that the manure stays in the house for a long time , part of the anaerobic fermentation in the manure ditch produces a large amount of harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane, which reduces the appetite of livestock and poultry and endangers the health of livestock and poultry. People are forced to use high-energy forced ventilation to solve the problem of toxic gas pollution. , but in winter, forced ventilation makes it impossible to keep warm in livestock and poultry houses, and livestock and poultry are prone to infectious diseases such as influenza. At the same time, a large amount of toxic and harmful gases also affect the work of the breeders and endanger the health of the breeders

The method of flushing manure with water is also a common method of manure removal. Its disadvantages are large water consumption and serious waste of water resources; in the later stage of manure treatment, after solid-liquid separation, the nutrient content in dry matter is low, and the value of fertilizer is reduced; The amount of sewage is large, and most of the soluble organic matter in the sewage is still high, which increases the difficulty of treatment

The dry manure cleaning method, that is, the manure is diverted once it is produced, the dry manure is collected, cleaned, and transported away mechanically or manually, and the urine and flushing water flow out from the sewer and are treated separately. There are two kinds of manure removal and mechanical manure removal. The disadvantages of manual manure removal are heavy labor, poor working environment, and low productivity. The advantages of mechanical manure removal are that it can reduce labor intensity, save labor, and improve work efficiency. However, currently domestically produced manure removal equipment is in the There are still deficiencies in the reliability of use, complex equipment, high failure rate, and difficult maintenance. Whether it is manual or mechanical excrement cleaning, urine is mixed with flushing water and drinking water, and flushing water treatment is increased. Amount and Difficulty of Handling

[0003] Generally speaking, the above-mentioned manure cleaning methods mainly have the following problems: (1) There is no separate collection and delivery system for the drinking water of livestock and poultry, and the drinking water is directly mixed with feces, urine and pen flushing water, which increases the amount of pollution and treatment costs

According to statistics, the water leaked by pigs drinking from duckbill drinking fountains accounts for about 20-40% of the total amount of pen flushing water; (2) The pen flushing water is not separated from feces and urine, and the pen flushing water is directly separated from Feces and urine are mixed for follow-up treatment. The treatment method is usually solid-liquid separation after anaerobic fermentation in a biogas digester. The separated solid part is used to make solid organic fertilizer, and the liquid part is treated as sewage and "discharged up to standard". This method The disadvantage is that a large amount of nutrients are dissolved in the liquid, and the solid organic fertilizer produced has low nutrients and poor quality; while the liquid is rich in organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and has high concentrations of COD and ammonia nitrogen, it is difficult for common sewage treatment technologies to make it discharge Standards, even according to the current pollutant discharge standards for livestock and poultry breeding (GB18596-2001), the limit values ​​of COD 400 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen 80 mg / L and total phosphorus 8 mg / L, which are pollutants from urban sewage treatment plants The discharge standard (GB18918-2002, Class A standard) is 8 times, 16 times and 16 times the limit value. The so-called "standard discharge" is actually the root cause of water eutrophication, and the "standard discharge" sewage continues to pollute surroundings

[0004] At present, the mortality rate of live pigs in pig farms is generally 3-5%. Once an epidemic occurs, the proportion will be even greater. Incidents of drinking water pollution caused by improper handling often occur, and unscrupulous traders resell sick and dead pigs to make huge profits. Threatening the food safety of ordinary people, the isolation and treatment of these dead animals carrying harmful bacteria need to be solved urgently

At present, the harmless treatment methods of sick and dead livestock and poultry mainly include high-temperature incineration, landfill and high-temperature composting, etc. The high-temperature incineration method requires extremely high equipment, and the one-time investment cost is high. conditions, and centralized incineration also has a series of problems such as emission pollution, cumbersome collection and transfer procedures, and difficult supervision measures. In addition, the secondary pollution caused by the treatment process is also very serious.

At present, most of the landfill methods are used. The disadvantages are that the transportation and landfill costs are high, and the subsidies for sick and dead livestock and poultry are far lower than the landfill costs. Most of the farm employees do not perform hygienic landfill due to lack of hygiene and safety knowledge. cause serious secondary pollution

High-temperature composting is also a kind of harmless treatment of sick and dead livestock and poultry. Its disadvantage is that during the pretreatment process such as crushing of sick and dead livestock and poultry, mechanical loss, energy consumption and equipment cleaning will increase the processing cost. , equipment cleaning, and the process of replacing vulnerable parts are prone to cross-infection, increasing the risk of epidemic spread, and composting covers a large area, takes a long time, and is easily affected by climatic conditions. A large number of pathogenic microorganisms are carried in dead livestock and poultry. Traditional fermentation methods are difficult to completely kill these pathogenic microorganisms

Large-scale livestock and poultry farms produce a large amount of placenta and other dirt in the process of breeding young. Because of its rich nutrition, it is easy to be corrupted. If it is not treated in time, it will easily cause pollution. At present, the common way of disposal is landfill. Sick and dead livestock deal with the same problem

[0005] Chinese patent CN203568937 discloses a livestock and poultry manure treatment system, including a rain-sewage separation system, a dry-wet separation system, a solid-liquid separation system and an ecological purification system. The existing problem is that the manure is mixed with flushing water and drinking water After solid-liquid separation, the liquid after solid-liquid separation contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrients, and the content of COD and ammonia nitrogen increases significantly, which not only leads to waste of resources, but also increases the treatment capacity and difficulty of subsequent sewage treatment, increasing treatment costs

The separated solid material is fermented by natural composting method, which occupies a large area of ​​production area, has low fermentation efficiency, poor quality organic fertilizer, is easily affected by environmental factors, and is prone to secondary pollution. In addition, the system does not involve livestock and poultry farms Treatment of dead livestock and poultry carcasses and placenta

[0006] Chinese patent CN201520168695.4 discloses a closed biodegradation harmless treatment device for sick and dead livestock and poultry. The patent degrades sick and dead livestock and poultry by adding biodegradable cadaveric agent and other auxiliary materials, and kills parasites and eggs by anaerobic fermentation. , bacteria and viruses, the disadvantage is that the anaerobic fermentation process takes a long time, and the decomposition efficiency of dead livestock and poultry carcasses under solid state conditions is much lower than that under liquid conditions, and anaerobic fermentation cannot completely kill harmful pathogens in dead livestock and poultry carcasses. Bacteria, there is a risk of secondary pollution

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