The invention provides an epidemic disease prediction, prevention and control system based on big data, which comprises a big data module, a population contact network construction module, a propagation model construction module and a prediction, prevention and control module, wherein the big data module is connected with a population general survey database, a bus information card system and a hospital information collection system, and is used for obtaining population general survey data, bus information card data and crowd contact data in the hospital; the population contact network construction module is used for constructing a population contact network according to the population general survey data, the bus information card data and the population contact data in the hospital in thebig data module; the propagation model construction module is used for establishing propagation models for different epidemic diseases based on the population contact model; and the prediction, prevention and control module is used for predicting a propagation outbreak trend of the epidemic disease based on the epidemic disease propagation model and making an epidemic disease prevention and control strategy according to a prediction result. According to the invention, the population contact network is constructed based on the obtained big data, the reliability of the epidemic propagation model is improved, and the reliability and accuracy of epidemic prediction, prevention and control are further improved.