561 results about "Moderate temperature" patented technology

A silicon dioxide-based dielectric layer is formed on a substrate surface by a sequential deposition / anneal technique. The deposited layer thickness is insufficient to prevent substantially complete penetration of annealing process agents into the layer and migration of water out of the layer. The dielectric layer is then annealed, ideally at a moderate temperature, to remove water and thereby fully densify the film. The deposition and anneal processes are then repeated until a desired dielectric film thickness is achieved.

The present invention relates to particulate compositions of a lower ash type petroleum coke containing at least two preselected components (alkali metal and calcium) that exhibit an efficient, enhanced-yielding gasification to value added gaseous products, particularly when used in a steady-state integrated gasification process. The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful for catalytic gasification of petroleum coke at moderate temperatures ranging from about 450° C. to about 900° C. Advantageously, the compositions can be readily incorporated into fluidized bed gasification units, and can result in a cost-effective, high-yielding production of methane gas from petroleum coke.

Cellulose nanofibers have been processed from renewable feedstock in particularly from natural fibers, root crops and agro fibers, wherein the pulp was hydrolysed at a moderate temperature of 50 to 90 degree C., one extraction was performed using dilute acid and one extraction using alkali of concentration less than 10%; and residue was cryocrushed using liquid nitrogen, followed by individualization of the cellulose nanofibers using mechanical shear force. The nanofibers manufactured with this technique have diameters in the range of 20-60 nm and much higher aspect ratios than long fibers. Due to its lightweight and high strength its potential applications will be in aerospace industry and due to their biodegradable potential with tremendous stiffness and strength, they find application in the medical field such as blood bags, cardiac devices, valves as a reinforcing biomaterial.

A corrosion control system is disclosed including an anionic oxygen inhibitor, a cationic acid inhibitor or dispersant, and a noxious species inhibitor or scavenger for use in a fluid in contact with a metallic surface at low temperature, moderate temperature and especially at high temperature. A drilling fluid, a completion fluid, a production fluid and a geothermal fluid including an effective amount of the corrosion control system is also disclosed as well as methods for making and using same.

An aqueous binder composition is provided that includes a carbohydrate and a crosslinking agent. In exemplary embodiments, the carbohydrate-based binder composition may also include a catalyst, a coupling agent, a process aid, a crosslinking density enhancer, an extender, a moisture resistant agent, a dedusting oil, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, and combinations thereof. The carbohydrate may be natural in origin and derived from renewable resources. Additionally, the carbohydrate polymer may have a dextrose equivalent (DE) number from 2 to 20. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the carbohydrate is a water-soluble polysaccharide such as dextrin or maltodextrin and the crosslinking agent is citric acid. Advantageously, the carbohydrates have a low viscosity and cure at moderate temperatures. The environmentally friendly, formaldehyde-free binder may be used in the formation of insulation materials and non-woven chopped strand mats. A method of making fibrous insulation products is also provided.

Fibrous insulation products have an aqueous binder composition that includes a carbohydrate and a crosslinking agent. In exemplary embodiments, the carbohydrate-based binder composition may also include a catalyst, a coupling agent, a process aid, a crosslinking density enhancer, an extender, a moisture resistant agent, a dedusting oil, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, and combinations thereof. The carbohydrate may be natural in origin and derived from renewable resources. Additionally, the carbohydrate polymer may have a dextrose equivalent (DE) number from 2 to 20. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the carbohydrate is a water-soluble polysaccharide such as dextrin or maltodextrin and the crosslinking agent is citric acid. Advantageously, the carbohydrates have a low viscosity and cure at moderate temperatures. The environmentally friendly, formaldehyde-free binder may be used in the formation of insulation materials and non-woven chopped strand mats. A method of making fibrous insulation products is also provided.

A method of detaching a thin film from a source substrate comprises the following steps: implanting ions or gaseous species in the source substrate so as to form therein a buried zone weakened by the presence of defects; splitting in the weakened zone leading to the detachment of the thin film from the source substrate. Two species are implanted of which one is adapted to form defects and the other is adapted to occupy those defects, the detachment being made at a temperature lower than that for which detachment could be obtained with solely the dose of the first species.

The present invention describes thin film transistors in which the active channel layer is a thin film of a polycyclic aromatic compound, such as, pentacene, prepared by solution processing a soluble precursor of the polycyclic aromatic compound on a substrate followed by heating to a moderate temperature to convert the precursor back to the polycyclic aromatic compound. The soluble precursors of the polycyclic aromatic compounds are organic solvent-soluble Diels-Alder adducts of polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as, oligothiophene, perylene, benzo[ghi]perylene, coronene and a polyacene with a variety of dienophiles that contain at least one heteroatom. The Diels-Alder adducts can be converted back to pentacene by retro-Diels-Alder reaction at moderate (60-250° C.) temperatures both in bulk, in solution or as thin-films.

A controlled nitric acid process employing oxygen and nitric acid as co-oxidants is used to oxidize organic compounds subject to nitric acid oxidation, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Oxidation of some carbohydrates by this process can produce one or more of their corresponding acid forms. The process is carried out at moderate temperatures, typically in the range of 20° C. to 45° C. in a closed reactor, with oxygen gas being introduced into the reaction chamber as needed in order to sustain the reaction. Computer controlled reactors allow for careful and reproducible control of reaction parameters. Nitric acid can be recovered by a distillation / evaporation process, or by diffusion dialysis, the aqueous solution made basic with inorganic hydroxide, and the residual inorganic nitrate removed using a filtration (nanofiltration) device. The method eliminates issues of thermal control of the oxidation, release of nitrogen into the atmosphere, and post-reaction difficulties in the removal of nitric acid and inorganic nitrates.

A system and method is provided for the removal of mercury from flue gas. Effective removal of mercury is obtained by oxidation of elemental mercury, with highly reactive halogen species derived from dissociation of halogen compounds at moderate temperatures brought into contact with the flue gas with or without the addition of carbon.

An aqueous binder composition is provided that includes a modified starch and a silane coupling agent, and optionally, a crosslinking agent. The starch from which the modified starch is derived is natural in origin, biorenewable, and is derived from plant sources. The modified starch has been chemically modified from its natural form and may have a degree of polymerization from about 20 to about 4000. Additionally, the modified starches have a low viscosity and cure at moderate temperatures. Advantageously, the modified starches are water dispersible and have excellent resistance to water after curing. In addition, the binder has a light color after being cured. The crosslinking agent may be any compound suitable for crosslinking the starch based compound. In exemplary embodiments, the silane coupling agent is an aminosilane. The environmentally friendly, biorenewable binder may be used in the formation of insulation materials and non-woven chopped strand mats.

The invention provides an anti-stress fermentation protein feed which is produced by composite bacterium inoculation and high-temperature and moderate-temperature fermentation of a plant derived protein raw material, a terrestrial animal derived protein raw material and a marine animal derived protein raw material. Macromolecular substances in the protein feed are digested and decomposed into micromolecular substances, stressors in nutritional ingredients are decreased, anti-stress active factors such as genistein, glutathione and glucosamine are increased, the immunity of fed animals is improved, and the protein feed shows a good anti-stress capability. The invention further provides a producing method of the anti-stress fermentation protein feed. The feed product with high functionality, good anti-stress effect and high economical efficiency is obtained with the adoption of the multiple derived protein raw materials, a specific formula and an appropriate matching ratio and by mixed fermentation through a special secondary fermentation process.

The present invention relates to an improved exhaust gas cleaning system and method for a combustion source comprising a hydrogen generation system, a sulfur oxides trap, and a nitrogen storage reduction (NSR) catalyst trap. The improved exhaust gas cleaning system and method of the present invention also provides for a water-gas-shift catalyst between the sulfur oxides trap and the NSR catalyst trap, and a clean-up catalyst downstream of the NSR catalyst trap. The invention provides also a sulfur trap regenerable at moderate temperatures with rich pulses, rather than at high temperatures. The improved exhaust gas cleaning system of the present invention provides for the sulfur released from the sulfur trap to pass through the nitrogen oxide trap with no or little poisoning of NOx storage and reduction sites, which significantly improves NSR catalyst trap lifetime and performance to meet future emissions standards. The disclosed exhaust gas cleaning systems are suitable for use in internal combustion engines (e.g., diesel, gasoline, CNG) which operate with lean air / fuel ratios over most of the operating period.

One embodiment of a system of geothermal energy production containing a production fluid circulated entirely within a continuous subterranean pipeline (13 and 16) while below the earth's surface (11) so that the production fluid is heated, via the encasing pipe, by surrounding subterranean hot rock (12). By directing the heated production fluid through said continuous subterranean pipeline up to the earth's surface and through a power plant (19), energy can be produced from the hot production fluid.This system enables energy production from subterranean rock formations of moderate temperature at moderate depths because any production fluid, such as water, hydrocarbon, or refrigerant, can be used to optimize energy production. Furthermore, natural porosity and permeability of the subterranean rock formations at moderate depths may provide sufficient natural circulation of interstitial water to assist in heat transfer from large volumes of hot rock without the need of inducing artificial fractures.

The invention pertains to a water dispersible, preferably a powder composition of water extractible bioactive components of exclusively fruit or vegetable or plant origin. These components are obtainable by: a) subjecting a selected fruit or vegetable or plant material to homogenisation in weak alkaline conditions and at moderate temperature; b) separating the liquid extract from the homogenised mass and subsequently bringing it to neutrality; and c) eventually concentrating or drying, preferably by freeze drying, the neutralized liquid extract. The composition can be used as primary composition in the preparation of a food product for oral administration, a food supplement, a pet food product, a pet food supplement, a cosmetic preparation or a pharmaceutical preparation.

An electrolytic apparatus for using catalyst-coated hollow microspheres to produce gases, store them, and to make them available for later use. The apparatus uses catalyst-coated hollow microspheres in reversible electrochemical processes and reactions, such as those used in conjunction with water dissociation, fuel cells, and rechargeable batteries. The apparatus can be used to manufacture and store hydrogen and or oxygen and to make them available for subsequent use as raw materials for use in electrochemical and chemical reactions or as a fuel and or oxidizer for a combustion engine. The apparatus can be used as a hydrogen-oxygen hermetically seal secondary battery. The apparatus can be used as a hydrogen storage portion of certain types of secondary batteries. Hydrogen and oxygen can be stored within hollow microspheres at moderate temperature and pressure, eliminating the need for expensive storage and handling equipment, and increasing the mobility of hydrogen-powered vehicles. Storage of hydrogen and or oxygen within the microspheres significantly reduces flammability and explosion concerns and resolves many fuel cell scalability issues.

Sulfur is removed from a hydrocarbon fuel via contact with a desulfurization agent; the desulfurization agent is then regenerated (wherein sulfur is released) by exposing it to oxygen. The sulfur removal and regeneration processes each can be carried out at relatively moderate temperatures, e.g., from 300 to 600° C., and pressure, e.g., about 0.79 to about 3.5 MPa; and the desulfurization agent can include a transition metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide. The process can also include the additional steps of cracking the hydrocarbon, separating high-boiling and low-boiling fractions from the reaction product and contacting the lower-boiling fraction with a secondary desulfurization agent.

Granules of graphene oxide may be produced from a dispersion of nanoscale graphene oxide sheets by a spray drying method. Such granules have a three-dimensional corrugated morphology. The complexity of the corrugations, and the size distribution of the granules can be varied through selection of the spray-drying equipment used, and variation of the composition of the dispersion and the spray-drying parameters. Structural modifiers may be included in the graphene oxide dispersion to control the ultimate morphology of the granules. The granules of graphene oxide may be thermally reduced at a moderate temperature of 220° C. to increase the granules' electrical conductivity. The reduced granules may be used to fabricate electrodes for supercapacitors. The power and energy density of such an electrode material is comparable to those of conventional / commercial activated carbon-based electrodes.

Form an opening in a dielectric layer formed on a substrate comprises depositing a hard mask composed of an etch resistant material over a dielectric layer, e.g. a silicon oxide. Use a photoresist mask to expose the hard mask. Use a fluorocarbon plasma to etch through the window to form an opening through the hard mask. Then etch through the hard mask opening to pattern the dielectric layer. The hard mask comprises an RCH / RCHX material with the structural formula R:C:H or R:C:H:X, where R is selected from Si, Ge, B, Sn, Fe, Ti and X is selected from O, N, S and F. The plasma etching process employs a) a gas mixture comprising N2; fluorocarbon (CHF3, C4F8, C4F6, CF4, CH2F2, CH3F); an oxidizer (O2, CO2), and a noble diluent (Ar, He); b) a high DC bias (500-3000 Volts bias on the wafer); 3) medium pressure (20-100 mT.; and d) moderate temperatures (−20 to 60°).

A controlled nitric acid process employing oxygen and nitric acid as co-oxidants is used to oxidize organic compounds subject to nitric acid oxidation, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Oxidation of some carbohydrates by this process can produce one or more of their corresponding acid forms. The process is carried out at moderate temperatures, typically in the range of 20° C. to 45° C. in a closed reactor, with oxygen gas being introduced into the reaction chamber as needed in order to sustain the reaction. Computer controlled reactors allow for careful and reproducible control of reaction parameters. Nitric acid can be recovered by a distillation / evaporation process, or by diffusion dialysis, the aqueous solution made basic with inorganic hydroxide, and the residual inorganic nitrate removed using a filtration (nanofiltration) device. The method eliminates issues of thermal control of the oxidation, release of nitrogen into the atmosphere, and post-reaction difficulties in the removal of nitric acid and inorganic nitrates.

An aqueous binder composition is provided that includes a carbohydrate and a crosslinking agent. In exemplary embodiments, the carbohydrate-based binder composition may also include a catalyst, a coupling agent, a process aid, a crosslinking density enhancer, an extender, a moisture resistant agent, a dedusting oil, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, and combinations thereof. The carbohydrate may be natural in origin and derived from renewable resources. Additionally, the carbohydrate polymer may have a dextrose equivalent (DE) number from 2 to 20. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the carbohydrate is a water-soluble polysaccharide such as dextrin or maltodextrin and the crosslinking agent is citric acid. Advantageously, the carbohydrates have a low viscosity and cure at moderate temperatures. The environmentally friendly, formaldehyde-free binder may be used in the formation of insulation materials and non-woven chopped strand mats. A method of making fibrous insulation products is also provided.

A system and method is provided for the removal of mercury from flue gas. Effective removal of mercury is obtained by oxidation of elemental mercury, with highly reactive halogen species derived from dissociation of halogen compounds at moderate temperatures brought into contact with the flue gas with or without the addition of carbon.

The invention discloses an organic silicon anti-bubbling agent and the way to manufacture it which used in printing and dyeing in middle temperature. Including anti-bubbling active things, emulsification medicament, thickener and deinized water. The anti-bubblina including poly-organic silicone, water sparse particle, coupler and catalyst. The frame formula of poly-organic silicone is RaSiO(4-a) / 2, Among them 'R' for one price replace or not replace hydrocarbon that , water sparse particle for the air white charcoal, unexpectedly the silicon oil processing formation mutually of catalyst is NaOH and Me4NOH mixtures, its dosage is 0.5-8%.This invention mainly is to ask for help from some efficiently organic silicons to emulsify the active thing.

The invention relates to a special rare earth alloy silver-brazing filler metal applied to the brazing of the metal workpieces such as copper and copper alloy, cemented carbide, carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloy and the like, and belongs to a moderate temperature brazing material. At present, no silver-brazing filler metal has excellent performance and low price, so that the development of the brazing field is obstructed. The special rare earth alloy silver-brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25 to 35 percent of Ag, 32 to 38 percent of Cu, 1 to 2.5 percent of Sn, 0.5 to 2.0 percent of Ni, 0.01 to 1 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Li, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of Si, 0.001 to 0.1 percent of mixed rare earth, and the balance of Zn, wherein the mixed rare earth consists of lanthanum and cerium. The special rare earth alloy silver-brazing filler metal has the advantages of high cost performance, low fusion temperature of brazing filler metals, good wettability and fluidity, high mechanical strength of soldered joint, and good soldering technological property.

The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of heavy oils using a catalytic hydrotreating process. More specifically, the invention relates to the presence of light hydrocarbon components in conjunction with the heavy oils for improved treatment of the heavy oils utilizing moderate temperature and pressure.

An integrated high and moderate temperature cooling system both for an internal combustion engine and for auxiliary vehicle components requiring cooling. The integrated cooling system shares a coolant, yet the shared coolant is stratified to retain thermal identity between the portion of the coolant used for engine cooling and the portion of the coolant used for auxiliary vehicle components cooling. A shared coolant reservoir is used; preferably a shared heat exchanger, and optionally a common coolant pump may also be used.

An access point device and access point system support wireless and / or wired communications. The access point includes temperature control functionality that is adapted to control / moderate the temperature within an access point. The temperature control functionality may operate to control the transmit power, the throughput or other operating parameters associated with the access point. The temperature control functionality may also actuate a cooling mechanism, e.g., a fan, associated with the access point. Load balancing may also be employed to reduce heat generation associated with an access point. The temperature control functionality may reside at the access point, e.g., a “fat” access point, or may reside at the wireless controller, e.g., a “thin” access point. Error voltage signals may also be generated and transmitted to a TCVCXO to control or moderate temperature conditions and heat generation.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-quality intermediate temperature modified pitch through two-section serial continuous pressurizing hot polymerization. The method comprises the following steps that: mid-temperature pitch is made into modified pitch by a two-section serial reaction kettle through low-pressure heating polycondensation; heating precracking reaction is carried out during a first section, while heating polycondensation reaction is carried out quickly during a second section so as to increase the content of toluene insoluble and reduce the content of quinoline insoluble, thereby increasing a beta value; the reacted material is fed in a flash tower, and the softening point of the modified pitch is adjusted inside the flash tower; and the tail gas of a flash system is fed in a flue gas absorption system to be absorbed by circular wash oil, and then is discharged through a chimney. The method can manufacture intermediate temperature modified pitch which meets special requirements and has a lower softening point (80 to 90 DEG C), a controllable softening point amplitude of between 1 DEG C below zero and 1 DEG C and higher beta resin content (more than 18 percent), thereby providing a high-quality raw material for making an ultra-high power graphite electrode.

The invention relates to a wastewater integrated treatment and comprehensive utilization device and application thereof. A method for the wastewater integrated treatment and comprehensive utilization comprises the following steps: firstly leading the wastewater into an oil interceptor tank and then into an equalizing tank; leading the wastewater after neutralization regulation into a biochemical treatment tank where a sump pump and an aeration device are arranged; leading the wastewater after the biochemical treatment into a sedimentation tank; leading the sedimentated wastewater into a filter tank with built-in filler for the filtration treatment of the wastewater; arranging a back flushing device or filtering material regeneration device beside the filter tank; leading the water outputted from the filter device into an advanced treatment tank to obtain the reclaimed water up to the standards; leading the reclaimed water into a reclaimed water tank where a liquid level controller is arranged for controlling the liquid level; and lifting the rest sludge in the sedimentation tank to a sludge drying compost tank, and carrying out the moderate temperature and high temperature composting of the rest sludge through a temperature controlled heating device. The integrated device is enveloped by an insulating layer formed by polyurethane sandwich boards. The invention provides an integrated device which has the advantages of modularized unit structure, high treatment efficiency, strong self control, wide adaptability, less investment and convenient motion and transportation.

Thermochemical processing systems for the production of chemicals using solar (110) or other radiant energy as the heat source for chemical reactions and separations. Radiant energy receivers (310) operating in conjunction with concentrator systems (300), heat exchangers, chemical reactors and chemical separators. Systems and applications include the concentration of radiant energy in support of a moderate- and / or high-temperature, endothermic chemical reaction followed by downstream reactions and separations so that a chemical fuel is produced. Efforts are made to match concentrator types with need; for example, parabolic trough concentrators may be used to produce steam at low- to moderate-temperatures and parabolic dish concentrators may be used to drive moderate- to high-temperature chemical reactions such as methane reforming, and hybrid concentrators (400) may be used to concentrate radiant energy from multiple energy sources.