Two-dimensional material, nanosheet and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a two-dimensional material which has a chemical formula (X-Y-Z)aMb, wherein X is selected from at least one of hydroxyl, ether group, carboxyl, aldehyde group, carbonyl, ester group, nitro, amino, acylamino, sulfo group, phosphate group, cyano group, thiocyano group, alkyl group, substituted alkyl group and halogen, Y is selected from at least one of alkyl, substituted alkyl, heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl, Z is selected from at least one of a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a selenol group and a tellurium alcohol group, M is selected from at least one of iron, chromium, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium,tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, scandium, yttrium, thorium and lanthanide series metal elements, and a and b are each independently 1-6. The functional group grafted on the surface of the two-dimensional material based on the structural design has the advantages of known distribution condition, distribution area and modification rate.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a two-dimensional material, a nanosheet and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of chemistry. Background technique [0002] Two-dimensional materials, as sheet-like crystalline materials with a thickness of single or multiple atomic / molecular layers, exhibit some unusual physical and chemical properties, making them widely used in electronic / optoelectronic devices, catalysis, sensors, energy storage and conversion, etc. All show good potential application value. At present, the use of covalent bonding to graft organic functional groups onto the surface of two-dimensional materials can further optimize the physical and chemical properties of the original two-dimensional materials, making them have better solvent dispersion (J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008 ,130, 16201), open bandgap (Nat.Mater.2010,9,315), more reactive active sites (Chem. Rev.2012,112,6027), so as to further optimize the material in energy s...

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Problems solved by technology

At present, scientists have used post-modification methods, such as covalent reaction with existing functional groups (Chem.Res.2013, 46,31), reactive filling of defect sites on the surface of two-dimensional materials (J.Am.Chem.Soc. 2013,135, 4584), two-dimensional material phase transition reaction, etc. (Nat.Chem.2015,7,45), to realize the covalent functionalization of two-dimensional material surface, but there are still many challenges to be overcome: 1) Two The type, quantity, and spatial distribution of functional groups on the surface of two-dimensional materials cannot be precisely controlled; 2) On the surface of two-dimensional materials, only partial but not full-coverage functionalization can be achieved, and the distribution of functionalized regions is uneven; 3) If there is no pre-existing available 4) The process of chemical functionalization on the surface of post-modified two-dimensional materials is often accompanied by violent chemical reactions, which will bring unpredictable defects, making the functionalized Material properties are uncontrollable

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