Surgical planning based on a three-dimensional (3D) model includes obtaining a 3D model of an anatomical region, wherein the anatomical region includes the patient's anatomical features; identifying at least one
deformity, wherein the at least one
deformity is identified with respect to a target anatomical value of the patient's anatomical features, wherein the target anatomical value includes a desired range into which the
anatomical measurement should fall; and using the
anatomical measurement, determining at least one planar correction to be made to at least one anatomical structure of the patient. Generating a 3D model using two-dimensional (2D)
imaging data may include performing anatomical
context processing, which includes annotating the model, contours, edges, or surfaces of the anatomical structure, as well as performing 2D-to-3D reconstruction to optimize the orientation, placement, and scale of the 3D digital
volume modeling the anatomical structure, resulting in a 3D anatomical representation of the anatomical region as a 3D model.