The invention relates to a safety brake system. The safety brake system comprises a power source and at least one resistance mechanism. The resistance mechanism comprises a telescopic supporting mechanism and a friction assembly. Each telescopic supporting mechanism comprises a first telescopic cylinder hinged to and arranged on a connecting piece, wherein the lower end of a telescopic rod of the first telescopic cylinder is hinged to an installation plate of the friction assembly, a draw and pull rod is hinged to the upper surface of a friction plate, the upper end of the draw and pull rod is hinged to and arranged on the connecting piece, and a triangular structure is defined by the draw and pull rod, the telescopic rod of the first telescopic cylinder and the connecting piece on the upper portion. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle. The safety brake system is adopted for the motor vehicle and arranged on a chassis of the motor vehicle. Under the condition that brake failure happens to the motor vehicle or the vehicle is out of control or a vehicle-mounted brake system can not meet the requirement for braking, strong speed reduction braking can be rapidly achieved by starting the safety brake system, and therefore the brake distance can be shortened; in addition, the safety brake system has the advantages of being stable in traveling, safe, capable of preventing thievery, beneficial to motor vehicle overhauling, capable of protecting the chassis, and the like.