A full-rate distributed type multi-antenna bi-directional wireless cooperative relay transmission method is suitable for a universal bi-directional relay communication network, wherein two communication source nodes and all relay nodes of the universal bi-directional relay communication network are respectively provided with a plurality of antennas. Information transmission between the nodes is carried out in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing mode. A data communication process comprises two stages, wherein firstly, the communication source nodes conduct joint encoding on symbols to be transmitted in all sub-carriers and a plurality of time slots respectively and broadcast the encoded symbols to the relay nodes; secondly, each relay node conducts circular delay on received modulating signals in a time domain firstly, then the antennas on each relay node transmit processed signals to the communication source nodes sequentially in a time division working mode, and according to encoding and transmitting criterions, one source node obtains data transmitted by the other source node after eliminating signal interference of the former source node. The full-rate distributed type multi-antenna bi-directional wireless cooperative relay transmission method has the advantages that the expansibility is good, an encoding process is simple and easy to design, full-rate transmission can be achieved, the detection complexity is low, and very high application value is achieved.