The invention discloses a neodymium iron boron magnetic powder block automatic crushing device and method. The device comprises a vibration dispersing mechanism, a mincing mechanism, an air blast recovery mechanism, a screening collection mechanism, a crushing mechanism, a detection mechanism and a controller. According to the device and method, neodymium iron boron magnetic powder blocks are vibrated and screened through the vibration dispersing mechanism, the neodymium iron boron magnetic powder blocks which are vibrated and screened are minced through the mincing mechanism, magnetic powderis blown to a recovery shell to be recovered through the air blast recovery mechanism, small powder balls and part of the magnetic powder can fall onto a second screen to be screened, the small powderballs can roll into a crushing shell from the second screen, the magnetic powder directly falls into a collecting barrel, the small powder balls can be further crushed under the rolling press actionof a roller set, a certain large magnetic blocks can also be crushed, and the magnetic powder can fall onto a conveying assembly and can be conveyed into the collecting barrel. According to the deviceand method, the crushing and screening efficiency can be improved, the utilization rate of magnetic materials can also be increased, the crushing effect of the neodymium iron boron magnetic powder blocks is improved, and the full-automatic circulation is achieved.