The invention discloses an in-vehicle environment monitoring system. The system is provided with an in-vehicle detection module, a vehicle door opening and closing detection module, an off-vehicle detection module, a controller module, a wireless transmission module and a braking module; when the vehicle door opening and closing detection module detects that a drive gets off a vehicle, the system starts to detect whether life bodies exist in the vehicle or not and the in-vehicle temperature and concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and detect concentrations of off-vehicle carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide, when any in-vehicle parameter exceeds the standard, windows are opened through the breaking module, an exhaust fan is switched on through the braking module, an oxygen bottle is opened through the braking module, a vehicle engine is switched off, if any off-vehicle environmental index exceeds the standard, the windows are not opened or the opened windows are closed, and then the in-vehicle environment is effectively improved; when any in-vehicle parameter exceeds the standard, a signal is immediately sent to an external terminal through the wireless transmission module, and then terminal personnel are reminded to take rescue measures; by means of the modules, the in-vehicle environment can be improved in a reasonable mode, related personnel can be informed in time, and accidents are reduced.