Oxidative grinding preparation method and application of carbon group element simple material

Abstract

The present invention relates to an oxidation grinding preparation method and application of carbon group element simple material. The method is to mix an intermetallic compound with an inorganic oxidizing agent, grind and decompose the above intermetallic compound under vacuum or inert gas conditions, and obtain the corresponding carbon group element simple substance Material. The method of the present invention uses intermetallic compounds as reducing agents, selects appropriate inorganic solids or gas oxidants and grinds them after mixing. The reaction is mild and pollution-free. Compared with the direct use of active alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, it is obviously safer and more efficient. High synthesis efficiency greatly reduces the energy consumption of ball milling. The simple substance of the carbon group element prepared by the invention has excellent electrochemical properties, and exhibits higher lithium ion battery capacity and excellent charge-discharge cycle performance.

Description

Technical field [0001] The present invention relates to an oxidative abrasive preparation method of a carbon element element and its application, inorganic material technology. Background technique [0002] Nano-silicon, germanium, tin is an important semiconductor material, with a wide range of applications in photoelectric, information, and energy, the corresponding nanomaterials in aerospace, solar cells, chemical catalysts, fiber communications, biomedicine, lithium-ion batteries, etc. It is indispensable. In recent years, with the growing demand for high capacity and long life battery, people have put forward higher requirements for the performance of lithium-ion batteries. [0003] At present, the preparation method of silicon nanomaterials can be divided into two categories of physical law and chemistry. Physical law is mainly high energy ball mill, physical vapor deposition and laser treatment block silicon. The high energy ball mill is to ground silicon fine particles in...

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Problems solved by technology

The decomposition efficiency of this method is low, air oxidation decomposition takes several months, and the ball milling decomposition method under the protection of vacuum / inert gas is only applicable to the situation that the amount of precursor is less (less than 10g), when the amount of ternary alloy precursor When it is larger (more than 100 grams), it is difficult to complete the decomposition reaction by a single ball milling method, and a large amount of undecomposed alloy precursors remain in the product, which seriously affects the efficiency and quality of batch preparation products

[0005] Chinese patent document CN101682027A discloses a method for preparing a material comprising at least one Group 14 element by thermal decomposition of a ternary phase, also known as Zintel phase, or by reaction of the ternary phase with an organic oxidizing solvent, but The battery anode material prepared by this method has low capacity and poor charge-discharge cycle performance, and the initial capacity of the prepared silicon nanomaterial is only 1500mAh g -1 , and after 7 charge-discharge cycles, the capacity fades to 700mAh·g -1 , the decrease rate exceeds 50%, indicating that there are obvious problems in the uniformity of the silicon nanomaterials prepared by the above method, so the performance decays sharply during the charge and discharge process

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