The invention discloses an ID3 algorithm-based black and odorous water body remote sensing image identification method. The method comprises the steps of 1, high-resolution remote sensing image data collection and processing, 2, water body extraction and chemical index measurement, 3, spectral feature selection, 4, construction of the ID3 algorithm and a classification decision tree, and 5, precision verification of a verification set. The objective and standard threshold value calculation method is determined based on ID3, the requirement for black and odorous water body information extraction in the image is met, good universality is achieved in practical application, meanwhile, multi-feature classification is added in the analysis process, classification is further expanded through multiple features, the result is made to better conform to objective features of a research area. The black and odorous water body extraction precision can be effectively improved, and the robustness and universality of black and odorous water body extraction of the high-resolution remote sensing image are improved.