The invention discloses a tax monitoring system and a monitoring method. The system includes a system host, an alarm, a power module, a control input module, a kernel layer, a networking module, a taxdeclaration module and a block chain storage module, the memory includes a basic information storage unit, a tax Data Unit and a Tax Monitoring Procedure Unit for the current period, the system hostruns the tax monitor, reads the basic information from the basic information storage unit to perform calculations, obtains the tax data of the current period and stores them in the tax data unit of the current period and activating the alarm to send out the tax declaration warning signal, the manager operation control input module confirms or modifies the tax data to be reported in the current period. After confirmation, the system mainframe controls the operation of the tax declaration module, starts the tax declaration operation, and stores the tax declaration information in the block chainstorage module after the tax declaration is completed. The tax monitoring system or the tax monitoring method of the invention is simple in operation and high in efficiency, can reduce or reduce the behavior of the enterprise violating the tax law, and can reduce the economic loss and the bad influence caused by the tax problems of the enterprise.