The invention relates to an electric cylinder anti-rotation mechanism which comprises a guide rod and a plurality of anti-rotation assemblies, wherein the guide rod is in screw-thread fit with a lead screw nut of an electric cylinder. Each anti-rotation assembly comprises a holder and idler wheels, wherein the holder is fixedly connected with a supporting shell of the electric cylinder, and the idler wheels are arranged on the holder in a rotating mode. Anti-rotation planes are arranged on the outer wall of the guide rod, each anti-rotation plane makes rolling contact with at least one idler wheel, and the center lines of the idler wheels are perpendicular to the center line of the guide rod. The rolling contact between the guide rod and the idler wheels is achieved by simultaneously utilizing the idler wheels and the guide rod, wherein the idler wheels and the guide rod are perpendicularly arranged. When the lead screw nut rotates along with a lead screw shaft, the requirement for the anti-rotation function of the guide rod is met through the contact between the idler wheels and the anti-rotation planes, therefore, rotation prevention of the lead screw nut is achieved, and the lead screw nut can do frontward and backward linear movement relative to the lead screw shaft. Under the linear movement, the guide rod makes rolling contact with the idler wheels, sliding friction produced when rotation prevention is achieved in the prior art is avoided, abrasion is reduced, the load rate and the temperature of a motor are lowered, the service life is prolonged, and reliability is improved in the working process.