The invention provides a rapid cleaning device of a cement barrel for a building. The device comprises a base, a cement barrel fixing assembly, a cleaning fluid storage tank, a storage cavity, and a storage battery pack; and a universal wheel is arranged at the bottom of the base, a traction hook is welded to the surface of one side of the base, the cleaning fluid storage tank is arranged on one side above the base, a conveying belt is arranged at the position, on one side of the cleaning fluid storage tank, above the base through a mounting frame, the surface of the conveying belt is providedwith the cement barrel fixing assembly through bolts, a first installation support column, a second installation support column, and a third installation support column are sequentially arranged at the positions, on one side of the conveying belt, above the base, and sliding rails are arranged on the surfaces of the first installation support column and the third installation support column respectively. According to the device, through arranging a series of structures, the device has the characteristics of being automatic in operation, high in cleaning efficiency, good in cleaning effect andthe like.