A material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, in which a compound represented by the following formula (0) is used.(in formula (0), each X independently represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, or a non-crosslinked state, R1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a single bond, each R0 independently represents a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a straight, branched or cyclic alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group, a halogen group, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group or a hydroxyl group, the alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the aryl group each optionally include a cyanato group, a thiol group, a halogen group, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an ether bond, a ketone bond or an ester bond, each m1 is independently an integer of 0 to 4, in which at least one m1 is an integer of 1 to 4, each m2 is independently an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and each p is independently 0 or 1.)