103results about How to "Small gradient" patented technology

This invention provides a system and method that improves the sensitivity and localization capabilities of Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) by using combinations of time-varying and static magnetic fields. Combinations of magnetic fields can be used to distribute the signals coming from the magnetic particles among the harmonics and other frequencies in specific ways to improve sensitivity and to provide localization information to speed up or improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of imaging and / or eliminate the need for saturation fields currently used in MPI. In various embodiments, coils can be provided to extend the sub-saturation region in which nanoparticles reside; to provide a static field offset to bring nanoparticles nearer to saturation; to introduce even and odd harmonics that can be observed; and / or to introduce combinations of frequencies for more-defined observation of signals from nanoparticles. Further embodiments provide for reading of the signal produced by cyclically saturated magnetic nanoparticles in a sample so as to provide a measurement of the temperature of those nanoparticles. The spectral distribution of the signal generated provides estimates of the temperature of the nanoparticles. Related factors may also be estimated—binding energies of the nanoparticles, phase changes, bound fraction of the particles or stiffness of the materials in which the nanoparticles are imbedded.

A method for diagnosing certain types of cancers provides a nanoparticle agent to be uptaken by cancer cells for diagnosis and treatment of certain cancers. A compound containing nanoparticles is directed toward a tumor site, and then a predetermined time period passes to allow the nanoparticles to be uptaken by the cancer cells. Imaging is then performed on the nanoparticles by an appropriate imaging device to determine the concentration of nanoparticles uptaken by the cancer cells. Finally, image data provided by the imaging device is analyzed to determine the concentration of nanoparticles and thereby determine whether a tumor is present. The nanoparticle agent can further be employed as a treatment of certain cancers. After the uptake of nanoparticles into the cells, a predetermined field applied to the nanoparticles for a sufficient period of time activates the magnetic cores of the nanoparticles to include hyperthermia-mediated destruction of the cancer cells.

A cavity type solar energy absorber comprises a square casing with a front opening and a grooved type cavity structure embedded in the casing, the gap between the cavity structure and the sides is a heat-insulation layer. The cavity structure is in triangle shape, enclosed by two absorption ducts and a glass covering plate; the two absorption ducts are connected up to form the two walls of the cavity structure which are connected with the two side walls of the casing; and the glass covering plate is disposed in the front opening. The triangle cavity structure is utilized to absorb the sun incident light and secondary reflection light sufficiently, and to increase optics efficiency greatly; the absorber can be produced only by traditional material and technology, has the advantages of simple processing and low price.

The invention discloses a method for realizing laser focusing, which utilizes reflection of a reflector and focusing of a focus lens to exchange an inner position and an outer position of a light spot of a laser beam in rings along the radial direction and to focalize. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the laser beam is reflected to a turbinate annular beam; the turbinate annular beam is converted into an annular beam; the annular beam is focused, so as to form an annular conical beam, and a hollow conical dark area is formed in the middle of the annular conical beam, thus obtaining a focusing spot of hollow annular light. The method solves the defects of laser focusing in the prior art and obtains a focusing spot with strong light encompassing weak light, almost uniform energy distribution and small gradient, thus improving the processing effect.

The present invention provides a mechanical extrusion stabilization process for whole grains having a shelf life of at least 12 months. Whole grain food compositions using the stabilized bran of the present invention, and blended compositions are also described.

A method for void free filling with in-situ doped amorphous silicon of a deep trench structure is provided in which a first fill is carried out in at a temperature, pressure and dopant to silane ratio such that film deposition occurs from the bottom of the trench upwards. By way of this first fill, step coverages well in excess 100% are achieved. In the second fill step, deposition is carried out under changed conditions so as to reduce the impact of dopant on deposition rate, whereby trench fill is completed at a deposition rate which exceeds the deposition rate of the first fill. In an application of this method to the formation of deep trench capacitor structures, the intermediate steps further including the capping of the void free filled trench with a thick layer of amorphous silicon, planarization of the wafer thereafter, followed by a thermal anneal to re-distribute the dopant within the filled trench. Thereafter, additional steps can be performed to complete the formation of the capacitor structure.

The invention provides a method for acquiring fragment ion spectra of substances in complex substance mixtures wherein a trapped ion mobility spectrometer (“TIMS”) is used as the ion mobility separator separation device. The fragment ion spectra may be used for the identification of high numbers of proteins in complex mixtures, or for a safe quantification of some substances, by their fragment ion mass spectra in a mass spectrometer with up-front substance separator. TIMS with parallel accumulation provides the unique possibility to prolong the ion accumulation duration to find more detectable ion species without decreasing the measuring capacity for fragment ion mass spectra. The high measurement capacity for fragment ion mass spectra permits the repeated measurement of low abundance ion species to improve the quality of the fragment ion spectra.

The turbine casing includes a circumferential wall coaxially surrounding a ring that surrounds the moving blades of the turbine. The casing includes a plurality of perforations delivering air for ventilating the outside face of the circumferential wall in uniform manner.

An illumination system (12) of a microlithographic exposure apparatus (10) comprises a condenser (601; 602; 603; 604; 605; 606) for transforming a pupil plane (54) into a field plane (62). The condenser has a lens group (L14, L15, L16, L17; L24, L25, L26, L27, L28; L34, L35, L36, L37; L44, L45, L46; L53, L54, L55) that contains a plurality of consecutive lenses. These lenses are arranged such that a light bundle (70) focused by the condenser (601; 602; 603; 604; 605) on an on-axis field point (72) converges within each lens of the lens group. At least one lens (L15, L16, L17; L25, L26; L34, L44, L45; L54) of the lens group has a concave surface. The illumination system may further comprise a field stop objective (66; 666, 666′) that at least partly corrects a residual pupil aberration of the condenser (601; 602; 603; 604; 605; 606).

A laser including a semiconductor laser stack group, a beam compositor, a pump beam collimator, a thin-disk laser crystal, a first and a second parabolic reflectors with the same facial contour function, a corrective reflector, an output mirror, and a jet-flow impact cooling system. The thin-disk laser crystal and the output mirror form a laser resonant cavity. The first parabolic reflector, second parabolic reflector, thin-disk laser crystal, and corrective reflector form a multi-pumping focus cavity. The jet-flow impact cooling system is used for cooling the thin-disk laser crystal. The pump light produced by the semiconductor laser stack group is composited by the beam compositor, collimated by the pump light collimator, and enters the multi-pumping focus cavity. Within the multi-pumping focus cavity, the pump light is focused, collimated, and deflected to converge on the thin-disk laser crystal. The laser resonant cavity produces and outputs a laser beam.

The invention relates to an image detection method and apparatus, and an apparatus used for image detection. The method comprises the following steps: performing binary processing on images to be detected so as to obtain processed images; performing edge detection on the processed images so as to obtain images after edge detection; searching the images after the edge detection for a connected domain; and determining a connected domain where a character portion is disposed in the connected domain. The method can detect the character portion in the images so that document boundaries in the images can be conveniently positioned in an area beside the character portion.

A reactor (1) for carrying out exothermic or endothermic heterogeneous reactions comprising an outer shell (2) of substantially cylindrical shape and at least a heat exchanger (9) embedded in a catalytic layer (10) supported in said shell (2), is characterised in that the heat exchanger (9) is a plate (14) heat exchanger.

The invention relates to an environmental-control type closed greenhouse which comprises a closed greenhouse, wherein a plurality of support upright posts are arranged in the greenhouse, a ceiling is supported at the top parts of the support upright posts, a columnar air duct on which air vents are overspread is attached to the support upright post, enclosing and covering materials are arranged outside the greenhouse enclosed by the support upright posts and the ceiling, a grating-type air-supply perforated plate is paved on the ground, a plurality of cultivating beds are positioned on the air-supply perforated plate, a plurality of air-supply ducts and air-return ducts are arranged at the lower part of the air-supply perforated plate at intervals, a functional air duct is arranged outside the greenhouse, all air-supply ducts are arranged at an air-supply port of the function air duct in parallel, one end of each air-return ducts is connected at an air-return port of the functional air duct in parallel, and the air-return port of the functional air duct is also communicated with the bottom parts of all upright posts; an embedded network environmental-control system and a sensor module are arranged in the greenhouse; and an inner shading device and an outer shading device are respectively arranged at the inner side and the outer side of the ceiling. The invention can be widely applied to various scientific experimental studies or actual production fields, such as environmental control, plant environment physiological feedback, inheritance breeding, plant information detection, and the like, and is especially suitable for the safety test of transgenic plant cultivation.

A method for void free filling with in-situ doped amorphous silicon of a deep trench structure is provided in which a first fill is carried out in at a temperature, pressure and dopant to silane ratio such that film deposition occurs from the bottom of the trench upwards. By way of this first fill, step coverages well in excess 100% are achieved. In the second fill step, deposition is carried out under changed conditions so as to reduce the impact of dopant on deposition rate, whereby trench fill is completed at a deposition rate which exceeds the deposition rate of the first fill. In an application of this method to the formation of deep trench capacitor structures, the intermediate steps further including the capping of the void free filled trench with a thick layer of amorphous silicon, planarization of the wafer thereafter, followed by a thermal anneal to re-distribute the dopant within the filled trench. Thereafter, additional steps can be performed to complete the formation of the capacitor structure.

In a method and apparatus for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, a magnetization of nuclear spins in a subject is prepared in multiple preparation modules of an acquisition sequence. MR signals are acquired with at least one imaging module of the sequence. Spoiler gradient fields are generated in the multiple preparation modules in order to affect a transverse magnetization of the spins. The spoiler gradient fields that are applied in at least two different preparation modules are spatially varied along different directions. Spoiler gradient moments of the spoiler gradient fields are selected so that, for at least one of three orthogonal spatial directions, a weighted sum of the spoiler gradient moments that are applied along this spatial direction satisfies a threshold condition.

This invention provides a system and method that improves the sensitivity and localization capabilities of Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) by using combinations of time-varying and static magnetic fields. Combinations of magnetic fields can be used to distribute the signals coming from the magnetic particles among the harmonics and other frequencies in specific ways to improve sensitivity and to provide localization information to speed up or improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of imaging and / or eliminate the need for saturation fields currently used in MPI. In various embodiments, coils can be provided to extend the sub-saturation region in which nanoparticles reside; to provide a static field offset to bring nanoparticles nearer to saturation; to introduce even and odd harmonics that can be observed; and / or to introduce combinations of frequencies for more-defined observation of signals from nanoparticles. Further embodiments provide for reading of the signal produced by cyclically saturated magnetic nanoparticles in a sample so as to provide a measurement of the temperature of those nanoparticles. The spectral distribution of the signal generated provides estimates of the temperature of the nanoparticles. Related factors may also be estimated—binding energies of the nanoparticles, phase changes, bound fraction of the particles or stiffness of the materials in which the nanoparticles are imbedded.

The present invention relates to a carbon electrode having a conical or pyramidal tip, wherein the tip is surrounded on its side by a raised edge.

A beamsplitter apparatus for use with high-power radiation is disclosed. The apparatus includes a thermally conductive frame with a central aperture. The frame holds a window in the central aperture at the window's periphery. The window includes a diamond substrate with an optional coating formed thereon. Because the substrate is diamond and the frame is thermally conductive, the window is less susceptible to thermal effects caused by absorption of the incident radiation by the window. Thus, the original flatness of the widow surfaces is preserved, and variations in its index of refraction will be minimal. The result is that high-power radiation beams reflected from and transmitted by the widow remain substantially undistorted.

This invention provides a system and method that improves the sensitivity and localization capabilities of Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) by using combinations of time-varying and static magnetic fields. Combinations of magnetic fields can be used to distribute the signals coming from the magnetic particles among the harmonics and other frequencies in specific ways to improve sensitivity and to provide localization information to speed up or improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of imaging and / or eliminate the need for saturation fields currently used in MPI. In various embodiments, coils can be provided to extend the sub-saturation region in which nanoparticles reside; to provide a static field offset to bring nanoparticles nearer to saturation; to introduce even and odd harmonics that can be observed; and / or to introduce combinations of frequencies for more-defined observation of signals from nanoparticles. Further embodiments provide for reading of the signal produced by cyclically saturated magnetic nanoparticles in a sample so as to provide a measurement of the temperature of those nanoparticles.

The invention provides a method for acquiring fragment ion spectra of substances in complex substance mixtures wherein a trapped ion mobility spectrometer (“TIMS”) is used as the ion mobility separator separation device. The fragment ion spectra may be used for the identification of high numbers of proteins in complex mixtures, or for a safe quantification of some substances, by their fragment ion mass spectra in a mass spectrometer with up-front substance separator. TIMS with parallel accumulation provides the unique possibility to prolong the ion accumulation duration to find more detectable ion species without decreasing the measuring capacity for fragment ion mass spectra. The high measurement capacity for fragment ion mass spectra permits the repeated measurement of low abundance ion species to improve the quality of the fragment ion spectra.

The invention relates to a method for refuelling a storage container with a pressurised gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, wherein this medium is introduced into the storage container via a tank supply line, wherein the temperature of the medium upon entry into the storage container and the pressure in the storage container are controlled in such a way that the enthalpy of the medium introduced into the storage container fluctuates within a preset enthalpy range or is constant.

The invention relates to a fluid flow assembly and a fuel cell electric pile comprising the same. The fluid flow assembly is used for gas and fluid flow of a reversible fuel cell for hydrogen production power generation, and also applicable to a power generation fuel cell or a hydrogen production electrolysis apparatus with a single function; the fluid flow assembly comprises distribution flow guiding plates used for drainage of the fluid and porous fluid flowing layers used as fluid main flowing channels in a combination manner; a fuel cell pile or an electrolysis apparatus comprising the fluid flow assembly comprises a plurality of single cell assemblies in an overlaid manner; each single cell comprises one fluid flow assembly used as a negative electrode and the other fluid flow assembly used as a positive electrode; and a conventional air permeating layer is arranged in an MEA membrane electrode which only includes a proton exchange membrane and a catalytic layer. Compared with the prior art, the fluid flow assembly and the fuel cell electric pile comprising the same have the advantages of capabilities of rapidly and effectively discharging product fluids, more uniformed fluid distribution, stable power generation performance of the fuel cell due to graded setting of drainage grooves, and the like.

A method is described for operating a transmission device (1) with a plurality of friction-locking and positive-locking shifting elements (A to F) for obtaining different gears. A shift request to close a positive-locking shifting element (F) undergoes a time delay dependent on operational state prior to the connection time of the positive-locking shifting element, wherein a rotational speed differential between the halves of the shifting element of the positive-locking shifting element (F) is provided for the connection time within a rotational speed differential window required for the engagement. According to the invention, a gradient of the transmission input speed or an equivalent rotational speed value is detected at the time of the shift request and the actual gradient is subsequently monitored and also compared to the gradients at the time of the shift request. When a maximum deviation greater than a threshold value is detected, the period of time is changed or an actuation of a friction-locking shifting element to be disconnected is varied to an extent that reduces the deviation below the threshold value.

Display units (1) comprising pixels arranged in rows and columns coupled via transistors (12) to row (41, 45, 49) and column (31, 32, 39) electrodes show a relatively large gradient in the image. By introducing means (30, 40) for reducing a voltage difference resulting from a voltage jump on a predefined line, which voltage jump arrives via a capacitance (13, 14), this gradient is reduced. The capacitance (13, 14) may comprise a storage capacitor (13), with the predefined line being a neighbouring row electrode (41, 45, 49) or a separate storage line (25). The capacitance (13, 14) may also comprise a parasitic capacitor (14) of the transistor (12), with the predefined line corresponding with the row electrode (41, 45, 49) in the same row. The means (30, 40) comprise line driving circuitry (40) and data driving circuitry (30) for supplying a data signal to pixels (11). The means (30, 40) may also comprise line driving circuitry (40) for driving at a reduced amplitude and may comprise storage line driving circuitry for driving the storage line (25).

The invention provides a method for acquiring fragment ion spectra of substances in complex substance mixtures wherein a trapped ion mobility spectrometer (“TIMS”) is used as the ion mobility separation device coupled to a triple quadrupole mass filter assembly. The fragment ion spectra may be used for the identification of high numbers of proteins in complex mixtures, or for a safe quantification of some substances, by their fragment ion mass spectra in a mass spectrometer with upstream substance separator. TIMS, in particular equipped with parallel accumulation, provides the unique possibility to prolong the ion accumulation duration to find more detectable ion species without decreasing the measuring capacity for fragment ion mass spectra. The high measurement capacity for fragment ion mass spectra permits the repeated measurement of low abundance ion species such as to improve the quality of the fragment ion spectra.

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for removing a polyphenylene sulfide byproduct dry salt organic substance adopting a self-propagating heat-storing incinerating device. The method comprises the following steps that (1) byproduct dry salt is homogenized into dry salt particles or into powder salt, and then the powder salt ispelletized to obtain dry salt pellets; and (2) the dry salt pellets or the dry salt particles are used as materials to be subjected to self-propagating pyrolysis treatment, the pyrolysis temperatureis 600-800 DEG C, the materials are subjected to pyrolysis to obtain finished salt, wherein self-propagating pyrolysis refers to the process that on the premise of not turning over the materials, pyrolysis is carried out through heat on the basis of self-propagating of the materials. According to the method, the materials are not turned over in the pyrolysis process of the byproduct dry salt, theheat is transferred through self-propagating of the materials to carry out pyrolysis, and then loss of the lithium salt in the pyrolysis process is reduced; and meanwhile, oligomers in the byproduct dry salt can be completely removed, so that the phenomenon that the finished salt melts and agglomerates is avoided, and subsequent lithium salt extraction is facilitated.

The apparatus for producing a single crystal is an apparatus for producing a silicon carbide single crystal including the crucible configured to house the seed crystal containing silicon carbide and the raw material for sublimation arranged opposite the seed crystal and used for growing the seed crystal. The crucible includes the crucible body configured to house the raw material for sublimation and the lid configured such that the seed crystal is arranged on the lid, and the thickness of the lid at the center area thereof corresponding to the radial center portion of the seed crystal is set to be larger than the thickness of the lid at the peripheral area thereof corresponding to a portion located radially outside the radial center portion of the seed crystal.

In an acoustic resonator, an actuator allows a piston to reciprocate axially at very small amplitude at high speed. Owing to pressure fluctuation in the acoustic resonator involved by reciprocal motion of the piston, fluid is sucked into and discharged from the acoustic resonator via a valve device at the top end of the acoustic resonator. The acoustic resonator is covered with a gas guide with a space. The valve device is cooled by a fan at the top end of the gas guide.