The invention discloses a method for implementing circuit identification in an optical network unit (ONU) system based on EOC (Ethernet over Coaxial cable). The method comprises the following steps: after initialization, emptying a temporary CNU (Coaxial Network Unit) MAC (Media Access Control) address learning table TT, polling a MAC address learned by each CNU, obtaining the user side MAC address of each user port of each CNU one by one, and writing the MAC addresses into the TT; comparing the TT with a global CNU MAC address learning table TG, and synchronizing the TT into the TG; and transferring messages of the CNUs to an Ethernet exchange chip through an coaxial cable, transmitting the messages to a CPU (central processing unit) according to a message redirection rule, analyzing the source MAC addresses of the messages by the CPU after receiving the messages, searching corresponding serial numbers and user port numbers of the CNUs when judging that the source MAC addresses exist in the TG, analyzing the messages and adding circuit identification information to the messages by the CPU, and finally forwarding the messages by the Ethernet exchange chip. By adopting the method, the corresponding circuit identification information can be added to the messages from the CNUs; and the method has the advantages of lower requirements on hardware, simpleness for implementation, short development cycle and low cost.