The invention discloses a multi-screen interaction system and a method based on a single host and a single system. The system comprises an operation interface setting module, a multi-screen interaction manager, an interactive information control instruction module, a message management module, an input and state management module and a multi-screen interaction strategy configuration table, whereinthe multi-screen interaction manager is used for adapting to different screens and functions according to the corresponding relation of the strategy configuration table; the interactive information control instruction module is used for collecting input of a user on each screen, polling information input in each screen and inputting different requests to the host based on touch control and key operation; and the input and state management module is used for uniformly controlling and adjusting the state of each screen according to the function configuration in the multi-screen interaction strategy configuration table. According to the invention, multi-screen interaction is carried out in one system, the calculation overhead is low, the response speed is high, synchronous or asynchronous display control of each screen can be flexibly configured through the strategy configuration table, hardware only uses one host, and the hardware scheme is simple and low in complexity.