The invention discloses a concrete structure repair method based on carbonation hardening, which comprises the following steps: cleaning the area to be repaired; filling or applying repair materials; the composition of the repair materials is calculated as follows in parts by weight: carbonized cementitious material: 100 Parts, carbonization enhancer: 1-10 parts, fine aggregate: 5-70 parts, water reducing agent: 2-6 parts, water: 6-16 parts; use sealing device to seal the area to be repaired; to the closed area to be repaired Introduce carbon dioxide repair gas. The invention is based on the principle of carbonization hardening, the strength of the repair material develops quickly, the strength grade is high, and it can be put into service quickly after repair; the volume of the repair material will expand slightly during the carbonization process, and the volume stability is excellent in the later service process, and it is closely combined with the matrix , strong cohesion, not easy to fall off; the fluidity of the repair slurry can be designed and adjusted to meet various processes of smearing, spraying, and pouring, and has strong engineering applicability.