The invention provides a segmental fracturing and water control completion method, a pipe column and a downhole sliding sleeve switching system, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas wellcompletion and production. The method includes the following steps that 1, the pipe column is placed, wherein the pipe column is put downwards to a predetermined position, and well cementation or packer pressure holding and sealing; 2, first stage fracturing is performed, wherein pressure holding is performed in a casing pipe, first-stage switch sliding sleeves are opened for fracturing, and afterfracturing, the switch sliding sleeves are kept in an opening state under static pressure by pressure holding; 3, the downhole sliding sleeve switching system is placed, wherein the primary-stage sliding sleeve is closed, the next-stage sliding sleeve is opened, and fracturing is performed; 4, the step 3 is repeated until all stages of fracturing are completed; 5, production is performed, whereinthe downhole sliding sleeve switching system is put downwards, and the switch sliding sleeves of all stages are opened for production; 6, water control is performed, wherein after water comes out from one fracturing segment in the later period, the downhole sliding sleeve switching system is put downwards to close the corresponding switch sliding sleeve, the rest segments continues to be produced, and thus the segmental completion function is achieved.