The invention discloses a high-efficiency dense-medium coagulating sedimentation water treatment process. The high-efficiency dense-medium coagulating sedimentation water treatment process mainly comprises a water tank, a submersible pump, a coagulating tank, a sludge tank, a stirrer, a dense medium automatic feeding device, a primary separator, a secondary separator, a dense medium mixing reaction tank, a dosing pump, a dosing tank, a curing tank, a deflocculating machine, a sludge pump, a rapid sedimentation tank, a sludge pipe, a pipeline mixer and the like, wherein the raw water tank is connected to a flocculating reactor through a pipeline of the submersible pump; the flocculating reactor comprises the coagulating tank, the dense medium mixing reaction tank and the curing tank which are sequentially communicated with one another; the flocculating reactor and the rapid sedimentation tank are connected with each other through a pipeline; the excess sludge at bottoms of the flocculating reactor and the rapid sedimentation tank is connected to a dense medium recovery system through pipelines; a dense medium enters the flocculating reactor through the pipeline after the recovery is completed so as to form circulation. The process disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of land using area and civil engineering cost saving, relatively high stability of water treatment effect, cyclic utilization of the dense medium and the like.