The invention relates to the technical field of communication, and especially relates to a user scheduling method and apparatus, a system and a base station in a TDD system. The method comprises the following steps: setting a co-frequency full-duplex scheduling period, wherein the scheduling period includes N subframes; determining K subframes to serve as co-frequency full-duplex subframes from the N subframes, the number K of the co-frequency full-duplex subframes being associated with the specific value of uplink business demand quantity and downlink business demand quantity; and for the co-frequency full-duplex subframes, first scheduling data of uplink users, and based on the estimated interference conditions, determining downlink users matched with the uplink users and scheduling data of downlink users. For the co-frequency full-duplex subframes, the data of the uplink users is firstly scheduled, and then based on the estimated signal interference conditions, the downlink users, of which the interference degree is low, is determined to be the downlink users matched with the uplink users and the data of the downlink users is scheduled, thereby avoiding the interference between the uplink and downlink users, realizing co-frequency full-duplex transmission, and improving the communication efficiency of a system.